At that time, the workers who were mainly farmers were [ proletariat ] And said.
As the title suggests, a proletarian party is a party consisting of these people, mainly parties for the interests of farmers . It can be said. It is believed to be in the position of the current Socialist Party, but Japanese Communist Party Seems to be different.
At this time, socialist thought itself was the subject of crackdown, so in order not to touch the Peace Preservation Law, [ non-productive ] Is said to have been used.
The expression of proletarian parties was no longer used after World War II, but 1920-1940 Until then, there were more than 30 [local proletarian parties] launched by proletarians called [Labour-Farmer Party] and [Social Mass Party].
History of proletarian parties
Proletarian Party Is a prewar capitalist Against workers ( Proletariat / person without means of production ) Refers to the legal party for, and various political parties were formed.
Social Democratic Party
As a full-fledged proletarian party in Japan, the Social Democratic Party is 1901 , which is different from the current Social Democratic Party. Has been formed in.
Article 1 of the Party Regulations states that [ our party aims to implement socialism ] So, as the first article of the Social Democratic Party's party rules, it may appear in tests etc., so let's remember.
The following eight items specifically raised by the party are called the [Socialist Party Democracy Declaration].
Socialist Party Democracy Declaration
- Human Brotherhood
- Abolition of armaments
- Abolition of class system
- Public ownership of land and capital
- Public transportation
- Fair distribution of goods
- Equality of suffrage
- Publicly funded education
Two days after this was featured in the newspaper, the Minister of Interior banned it as a political party. In addition, the ban on each media was thoroughly enforced. This idea was later inherited by Heimin Shinbun, a socialist association formed around non-war theory in Japan during the Meiji era.
High Treason Incident-High Treason Incident-
1908 " Sin of trying to harm the emperor, empress, crown prince, etc. Treason Has been enforced. One of the famous high treason incidents since the enforcement of this law was the [High Treason Incident].
It was an incident in which socialists nationwide were arrested, prosecuted, and sentenced to death for assassinating Emperor Meiji. 1911 Was sentenced to 24 death sentences and 2 fixed-term sentences.
After this incident, socialist groups were devastated and remained inactive for some time.
However, with the rapid rise of Japanese capitalism after World War I, the conflict between the capital side and the labor side became prominent. From that trend, socialist ideas reheated and socialists were banned from forming a party, and finally the Labour-Farmer Party succeeded in establishing it as a legal party.
Proletarian Party [Labour-Farmer Party]
1926 It started as a legal party that was split from the proletarian party called the left wing of Japan, which was founded in Japan, but was banned on the same day because of its connection with the Communist Party.
It eliminated communism and was recognized by the Farmer-Labour Party, but over time pro-communism and anti-communism confronted each other, resulting in the withdrawal of the middle school.
These centrists left the party and actively participated in labor law enactment movements.
Difference between proletarian party and communist party
It is often the same because the ideas of the proletarian party and the communist party are similar, but the proletarian party is a party that is legally formed, while the communist party is a party that is illegally formed. Please keep it down.
Some of the proletarian parties were illegal, but the party that aimed to be legal was the Farmer-Labour Party.
March 15 Incident and its background
March 15 Incident Refers to a nationwide arrest of Communist Party members nationwide.
March 15, 1928 The Cabinet of Giichi Tanaka, who cannot be separated from the proletarian party, arrested the Communist Party members and their supporters all over the country. The number of people arrested at this time was estimated to be about 1,500, of which 483 were indicted.
In June of the same year, the Peace Preservation Law was amended to add the death penalty and life imprisonment to the maximum sentence, and some of the proletarian parties joined the illegal Japanese Communist Party.
March 15 Incident Happened after the first universal suffrage.
Eight winners from proletarian parties in this election Came out.
The Labour-Farmer Party, which is a proletarian party, received more than 190,000 seconds of votes, and the Tanaka Cabinet could not hide the color of impatience. No matter how legal the party is, [ Emperor opposes ] Labour-Farmer Party with strong ideas It is not calm if a member of the Diet comes out from.
In this year, the mourning of Emperor Taisho was over, and there was a courtesy of Emperor Showa, and the Tanaka Cabinet was rehabilitated in a situation where this coronation had to be successful.
[ Opposition to the Emperor ] Due to the fact that there are more than 190,000 people who support the idea, the government arrested and arrested people with the idea against the emperor all at once, and even raised it to the death penalty under the Peace Preservation Law and eliminated it.
Considering the historical background at that time, it is natural that it was an incident in which the necessity of maintaining the Emperor's administration was concentrated.
What is the Peace Preservation Law?
In some articles, the keyword "Peace Preservation Law" appears, so I would like to touch on it a little.
1925 with Taisho Democracy General Election Law The Peace Preservation Law was enacted.
The point is [ transformation of the emperor system ] And [ Associations and their movements aimed at denying the private property system ] Is a law that prohibits. Crack down on the Communist Party's social transformation movement Starting from, cracking down on words and actions that criticize the government It came to be.
As a result, even liberals and labor movements without ideas that shake the emperor system have been subject to crackdown. The Tanaka Giichi Cabinet has sentenced the highest sentence for violators of the Peace Preservation Law to death, and has severely suppressed opposition to the military and opposition to the war.
The Peace Preservation Law, which has become a bad law by any means, is 1945 . It was abolished with the second defeat.
In addition, it was the [Japan Socialist Party] that the local political parties of the proletarian parties joined after the war.
Japanese Communist Party
1922 The Communist Party, which is an anti-establishment idea, existed as an illegal political party because Japan had no freedom of thought, speech, and religion at the time when it was formed. Overcoming the crisis of division and disbandment in an era when all socialist ideas were weeded out 1945 Reunited in the current Japanese Communist Party Surviving as.
Currently, it has the longest history as a political party with a seat in the Diet, 1946 . Since advancing to the Diet, he has consistently been in the position of a solid opposition party and has never taken the position of the ruling party, including coalition and confidence and supply.
Finally
Before and after the war, it was important to maintain emperorism, and many political party thinkers were punished and died. I will not touch on proletarian parties in exam questions, but it is a good idea to keep track of the background of why you had to crack down on them so severely.