794 Emperor Kanmu who relocated the capital to Heiankyo Is 806 Demise of the Crown Emperor Heizei However, due to illness, he will be transferred to Emperor Saga in just three years. The cause of Emperor Heizei's illness is Prince Sawara and Iyo-shinnō . It is said to be a grudge against.
Prince Sawara was a person who could become an emperor instead of Emperor Heizei, but he died due to a political change, and Emperor Heizei became the emperor at this time. On the other hand, Iyo-shinnō was also the son of Emperor Kanmu and became the next emperor after Prince Sawara, but he will be excluded by Emperor Heizei.
During the three years of Emperor Heizei's reign, he didn't do anything. Heiankyo relocation and Tohoku expedition Bureaucracy reform and economic recovery to relieve the people who are exhausted by I was enthusiastic about it, but it seems that I was so afraid of the grudges of King Iyo and Iyo that I was transferred.
This transfer drama was later with Daijo Tenno , the son of Emperor Kanmu's wife, Otomuro, who was born in the Fujiwara no Otomuro family. Conflict over the relocation of the capital to Heijokyo with Emperor Saga, who had already been transferred to the Emperor at that time. [ Kusuko Incident (* Daijo Tenno's Incident) ] Will be headed for.
* Before 2003, the name "Kusuko Incident" was common in all textbooks. Currently, it seems that it is often called "Kusuko Incident", but since it is easier to write Kusuko Incident, we will unify it here.
What is the Kusuko Incident and the Emperor Daijo Tenno's Incident?
"Kusuko Incident" is the son of Emperor Kanmu's wife, Shikike Fujiwara, and Emperor Heijo Taijo (Emperor Heijo), who was already transferred to the Emperor Saga at that time. Conflict over the relocation of the capital to Heijokyo with the Emperor It is said that it was. At this time, I fell into what is called the "two-place imperial court," causing political turmoil.
Return to Heijokyo of Emperor Daijo Tenno (Emperor)
After transferring to Emperor Saga, Emperor Daijo Tenno decided to return to Heijokyo with his aides.
Maybe he wanted to return to Heijokyo, who has a deep connection with his long-loved Fujiwara no Kusuko and his relatives, the Fujiwara Shikike. It has been with.
In addition, Emperor Heizei retired from the position of emperor due to illness and transferred to his younger brother. It is said that his younger brother was the prince's younger brother because of the strong intention of Emperor Kanmu, and it is unwilling for Emperor Heizei, who already had a prince, to make Emperor Saga the prince. It may have been.
As the emeritus's physical condition, which was also in Heijokyo, returned, Fujiwara no Kusuko plans to make Emperor Heizei the emperor again in order to regain power as an aide to Emperor Heizei.
* I wrote it here as if it was planned by Kusuko, but according to one theory, it is said that Emperor Heijo planned it.
A person named Fujiwara no Kusuko
Fujiwara no Kusuko Was assassinated Fujiwara no Tanetsugu A woman from the Shikike family of Fujiwara no Nakanari, her brother. As her childhood eldest daughter became the princess of Emperor Kanmu, the prince of Emperor Kanmu (later Emperor Heizei), she also went up to the court. At that time, it is said that she had a close relationship with King Anden, leaving her daughter behind.
Shikike was a house that was given preferential treatment to Emperor Kanmu.
Emperor Kanmu had a mother of a toraijin clan, and despite being the throne in the midst of various reactions, it was the relationship between Shikike's founder, Fujiwara no Uma's eight sons, and Fujiwara no Momokawa. It was a preferential treatment. After the death of Fujiwara no Momokawa, the elders of the Fujiwara no Tanetsu family will be heavily used. There are twists and turns and seed succession Let's move from the capital of Nara with the person in charge! Nagaokakyo at the end of becoming It's a relocation to the capital ...
Tanetsugu was assassinated by the opposition to this relocation.
Mysterious events around Emperor Kanmu
After the assassination of Fujiwara no Tanetsugu, various mysterious things happen around Emperor Kanmu who was in Nagaokakyo.
Nagaokakyo's Mysterious Case- 786:Fujiwara no Momokawa's wife and daughter of Yoshitsugu Fujiwara died (Shikike)
- In 788, Tabiko, the daughter of her sisters and the empress dowager of Emperor Kanmu, died (Shikike)
- 789:Emperor Kanmu's mother, Takano Niigasa, dies
- 790:Otomuro, the empress of Emperor Kanmu, dies (Shikike) Matako Sakagami dies
- 794:The wife of King Anden, Fujiwara no Taishi, died (Shikike)
The deaths of the female officers at the Togu were unnaturally high, and the people at that time were said to be the worship of Prince Sawara, and the relocation to Nagaokakyo was forced to be interrupted.
Still, don't you think it's quite biased?
Emperor Kanmu's mother is so old that it can't be helped, but at that time, her sisters around 40 and other women were in their 30s, and Fujiwara no Taishi is said to be in her 20s. A woman from Shikike stands out as the one who died in this short period of time. After the assassination of Fujiwara no Tanetsugu in 785, the people of Shikike, who are closely related to Tanetsugu, have died one after another.
There are places where I think it may be a plague because it was a long time ago, but looking at historical materials, it was as if there was a plague in Suo Province in 785, which had little effect on Tomiya. In 790, smallpox was described in Gyeonggi, indicating that smallpox was prevalent, but the timing is a little late.
Even if you say, "Because it was a long time ago, you should die prematurely ...", the relocation to Nagaokakyo itself was canceled, so it seems that the people at that time had something to think about.
From this, it can be seen that it cannot be the reason why the lady-in-waiters of Shikike die one after another in a short period of time.
Then is it a murder?
Considering the people who can benefit from their assassination, the Nanke and Kita families are suspicious. (The Kyo family will continue to play an active role in the cultural field by pulling from the line)
Many princesses of Emperor Kanmu
Emperor Kanmu had a large number of princesses, and the number was more than 20.
Of course, some of them were Shikike, some were from the North, and some were from the South. It is said that Tachibana no Matsuga, which became Naozo in 786, was said to have put together such a large family.
Actually, this person is the relationship between Tachibana no Naramaro, the niece of Tachibana no Moroe, and her cousin who caused the change of Nara Maro. He was a person who saw the heyday of Tachibana no Moroe directly and felt that his parents' house was declining due to the strangeness of Maro Nara. And this Shintoga has her husband, Fujiwara no Koreko, who is from the Nanke who produced Emi Oshikatsu.
Fujiwara no Koreko has been successful since he became a member of the Sangi in 774. Especially after becoming the caretaker of the crown prince of Emperor Kanmu during the era of King Yamabe in 779 ... Furthermore, after Emperor Kanmu took the throne in 781, the left and right ministers and Dainagon died at once. Koreko was promoted. One of Yoshikoto's sons, Yutomo, has been on the rise since 785 with considerable momentum.
The mysterious case of Nagaokakyo ... She seems to be fully motivated and satisfied with the results, and the timing is exactly the same. Besides, considering her career so far, it's no wonder that she falls into the thought of trying to get rid of the obstacles, so is Shintoga Tachibana a suspect? She seems to be a person she is quite likely to be. She is a close person even if she is not herself.
Some kind of politics works in places where people gather, and so did Miyanaka. Rather, he worked hard.
Motivation of Fujiwara no Kusuko
From the perspective of Fujiwara no Kusuko, it seemed that the people of the Shikike family were (probably) buried by the people of the Nanke family, and the center of politics became the center of the Nanke family. Isn't it the motivation not only to bring her daughter in, but also to take in King Anden and restrain the people of the South family? ?
Since she is a means, she was disliked by Emperor Kanmu and was kicked out of Tomiya ...
Although he is the husband of Yakuko who has not appeared until now, his name is Fujiwara no Kusuko. In 800, he became the prince of Anden (the son of Emperor Kanmu, later Emperor Heizei), Daio Harumiya. It was around the age of 26 when King Anden was 26 years old.
It is said that King Anden had an affair when he was about 20 years old, so I can tell that he was in charge after that (it's tough). These things would have accumulated and the relationship between Emperor Kanmu and his son, King Anden, would have deteriorated.
However, it is humanity that gets excited enough to get in the way. In 806, when Emperor Kanmu died and Emperor Heizei took the throne as Emperor Heizei, he immediately returned Yakuko to the eastern palace and sent the rope lord to Kyushu as a marshal.
And the following year, 807. Iyo-shinnō (Emperor Kanmu's third (It is said to be a prince) and his mother, Yoshiko Fujiwara from the Nanke family, was punished and committed suicide. Yutomo Fujiwara, who had become a dainagon, was also exiled and the power of the Nanke declined at once.
By supporting the sickly Emperor Heizei, the connection between Emperor Heizei and Kusuko became stronger and stronger.
However, after all, he was transferred to his younger brother, Emperor Saga, because of his illness, and as I said last time, there was a Kita family on the side of Emperor Saga, so it is not interesting as a ceremonial family. From such a background, it led to the change of Yakuko.
Relationship between the imperial family and Mr. Fujiwara
Next is " Kusuko Incident Let's go back in time to the incident that happened in the Imperial Family vs. Fujiwara, which seems to be related to.
I feel that Prince Nagaya's strangeness is too old in terms of age, but I would like to mention it because it is the forerunner of the battle between Mr. Fujiwara and the imperial family.
[729] Prince Nagaya's transformation (Pioneer case of the imperial family vs. Fujiwara)
The first empress in history (Empress Komyō) was born from Mr. Fujiwara. Previously, only the imperial family members were empresses.
⇒ The rise of Mr. Fujiwara To
[737] Prince Nagaya's strange mastermind, the four Fujiwara brothers * died due to a pandemic illness
⇒ The rise of the Tachibana no Moroe of the imperial family
* The four Fujiwara brothers are the ancestors who opened the Shikike, Nanke, Kita, and Kyo families, respectively.
[740] Fujiwara no Hirotsugu's Ran (Hirotsugu =from the Fujiwara style family)
=Is it a feud with the Tachibana no Moroe administration? It is also said to be a rebellion against the anti-Fujiwara regime.
⇒ The Hirotsugu side is suppressed by the government forces, and the Shikike temporarily declines.
[757] Tachibana no Naramaro no Ran
=The rise of Empress Komyō (mother of Emperor Koken) and Nakamaro Fujiwara (Nanke Fujiwara) caused the sons of Tachibana no Moroe to feel a sense of crisis. It is said to have caused it.
[764] Emi Oshikatsu (Fujiwara no Nakamaro) Ran
=Fujiwara no Nakamaro lost his backing due to the demise of Empress Komyō
+ It is said that the cause was the rise of Emperor Kokenta and Dokyo
/ P>
⇒ Emperor Junnin, who was the greatest guardian of Nakamaro, was banished, and Emperor Koken was appointed as Emperor Junnin
. The rise of Dokyo ..
[769] Wake no Kiyomaro prevents the succession of the throne to Dokyo.
* The person who supported Kiyomaro was the existence of Fujiwara no Momokawa (Shikike)
[770] The Dokyo was rejected by the demise of Emperor Koken, and Momagawa and others recommended Emperor Konin.
[772] The Empress of Emperor Konin is abolished from her position because of the great rebellion caused by the curse.
=Is it a conspiracy by Fujiwara no Momokawa (Shikike) and Momokawa's prince Yamabe (later Emperor Kanmu)?
⇒ Imperial prince Yamabe is erected as crown prince
* It is said that Momagawa fell in love with the talent of King Yamabe.
[781] Emperor Kanmu's coronation
=Momagawa died before the coronation. Elderly seed succession is heavily used (no evidence of extreme heavy use)
[785] Assassination of Fujiwara no Tanetsugu (from the Fujiwara no Tanetsu family)
=Caused by the opposition to the relocation to Nagaokakyo?
If you look at the above, you can see that the imperial family, the Shikike, and the Nanke are fighting for power.
In the Emi Oshikatsu turbulence, most of the Fujiwara no Nakamaro (=Emi Oshikatsu) clan was subject to punishment.> doing. It looks like Hyakukawa is pulling it back little by little.
However, Tachibana no Naramaro and Fujiwara no Tanetsugu remain in the center of the imperial court . It will be. Fujiwara no Tanetsugu is a victim, and it is natural that Tachibana no Naramaro's rebellion tried to prevent the rise of Fujiwara no Nakamaro, who would become his enemy in the morning.
You can see that the Kita family did not appear at all before 800 years. The Kita family will appear from around the throne of Emperor Saga.
Speaking of the incident involving the Kita family, the Iyo-shinno's change occurred in 807. Probably.
It is said that Munenari Fujiwara of the Kita family recommended rebellion to Iyo-shinnō, but Munenari himself confessed that Iyo-shinnō was the rebellion. In the end, Sosei himself was exiled and Iyo-shinnō's mother and child were falsely accused but were forced to commit suicide. The central figure of the Nanke, a consort kin of Iyo-shinnō, was also sentenced, and the power of the Nanke was greatly reduced.
Behind the scenes, it is said that it was triggered by Shikike Fujiwara no Nakanari and Yakuko. You can see that the Shikike is not hurt at all and is chasing the people of the Imperial Family, Nanke, and Kita.
So why did the Shikike people get rid of mainly the Nanke people so far? It's not just because of the desire for power.
Shikike is driving away the politicians on the front stage of history, but the people of Shikike are also being driven out of sight. It may have been a defense measure of Shikike.
Kusuko Incident (Emperor Heijo's Incident)
810 one year after Emperor Saga's coronation Heijokyo relocation royal rescript by Emperor Heijo in September An incident will occur by issuing. At the command of the Emperor to send a construction messenger to Heijokyo, Emperor Saga pretended to send Maro Sakanoue Tamura to explore the situation of Emperor Heizei.
The story goes a little off here, but the emperor was the one issued by the emperor, but at that time the emeritus was also able to issue the imperial rescript with the same effect.
Four days after Emperor Heijo's imperial rescript, Emperor Saga refused to relocate to Heijokyo . However, he decides to fight Emperor Emeritus Heijo. He ordered the blockade of the barriers and other places to prevent Emperor Heijo from escaping, and instructed Maro Sakanoue Tamura, who had sent him to Heijokyo, to keep Emperor Heijo in Heijokyo.
Emperor Emeritus Hirajo and Yakuko Fujiwara tried to gather soldiers in the eastern country and fight back, but it was too late, and Emperor Saga's sekisho was suppressed and Sakanoue Tamura Maro prevented him from escaping and surrendered.
Emperor Heizei and Fujiwara no Kusuko who have lost their return to the emperor. The Emperor emeritus left the political world, and Fujiwara no Kusuko committed suicide and died himself.
In this way, the Kusuko Incident will end with the calm judgment of Emperor Saga.
Emperor Emeritus Hirajo and his aide, Fujiwara no Kusuko, who lost hope of returning to the emperor. Emperor Emeritus Hirajo leaves the political world, and Fujiwara no Kusuko dies himself.
Changes in the political system since the Kusuko Incident
Kusuko Incident is Emperor Saga's victory due to the swift movement of Emperor Saga. It was settled in.
Emperor Daijo Tenno is a priest himself .. Fujiwara no Kusuko tries to commit suicide by poisoning, and Yakuko's brother, Fujiwara no Nakanari, is shot dead Will be done. Since this incident, Shikike Fujiwara has been at once Decline to.
That's where the Fujiwara Kita family came out. ..
Until now, it was not as noticeable as the Nanke and Shikike, but from here on, the Northern family dominance Rush into. Not only the power relations between the aristocrats but also the political system was greatly affected.
Kurodo head
First of all, I was able to establish the position of Kurodoto, who was able to promptly convey the Emperor's orders to the Emperor without leaking them to the Emperor. There are two brewers, and this brewer's head belongs to the brewery. Anyway, let's take this opportunity to let the brewers who belong to the kurado-dokoro perform important duties as an aide to the emperor . Become.
In other words, it's a role like a secretary, but this role was originally the secretary of the inner samurai . It was undertaken by Shoji (or shoji or shoji). Uchisamurai is a department consisting only of lady-in-waiters.
Before the Kusuko Incident, Fujiwara no Kusuko was a souvenir of Emperor Daijo, who should have been transferred to this samurai. Considering the relationship between the emeritus and the emeritus, it was not possible to leave the samurai under control, and even if he issued a royal command, he was in a state of being out of control.
When the emeritus and the emperor confront each other, it also interferes with normal business. It is also possible for the Emperor to give his life directly to the Daijo-kan through the Samurai. This is the reason why it has recently come to be called the strangeness of Emperor Daijo Tenno.
This brewer's head is headed by Kose no Tari and Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu, who was Emperor Saga's Tayu Harumiya. Basically, the person in 4th place (indicating the position) and the official of Konoe (one of the 6 guards, Konoefu) are supposed to be.
Kebiishi
Now, there is another job that must not be forgotten. This is Kebiishi (Kebiishi). Heiankyo police officer created in 816 But don't you remember a similar job already? Yes, Rokueifu is.
* The Taiho Code was originally enacted by Goeifu, but there is a history of remodeling it to the convenience of those in power through various inheritance issues. I became Hachieifu on the way, but when I was Emperor Saga, I settled down in Rokueifu.
Before the Heian period and in the latter part of the Nara period, the quality of soldiers deteriorated Is the problem. This deterioration in quality is partly due to the overuse of the farmers in the first place. However, there is a fact that there were some people from farmers in this Rokueifu.
And in the days of Emperor Kanmu, we must not forget the abolition of the army system and the start of the healthy child system . is. Originally Gokishichido It was Goeifu, which gathered excellent people belonging to the army corps of each country, but the situation has changed considerably from the beginning when it was established, and it can be said that the system as it is can no longer stand.
Although it was a kebiishi that was made for that reason, it will become an indispensable job for the security and governance of Kyoto, such as conducting a trial later.
In this case, Rokueifu is likely to be dismissed, but I am now involved in a different mission. That mission is what this brewery and Rokueifu (especially Konoefu) have in common: Gagaku is.
With the establishment of a security profession in Kyoto called Kebiishi and the aristocratic politics centered on Mr. Fujiwara, it is considered an honor to assume a high position (general, lieutenant general, etc.) in Rokueifu. It came to be. Since the emperor and aristocrats have come to like music, they are also involved in horse art and music.
Among the six Efu, especially the left and right Konoefu, and the large poetry that will be placed under the Kurodo-dokoro later. These two are Gagaku Has a deep relationship with.
It seems that Gagaku was treated as an indispensable part of the Miyanaka event at the 821 inside ceremony of Emperor Saga, and I wonder if Emperor Saga planned for Rokueifu as a new job. You can also think of it.
By the way, it seems that the status of Samurai has declined considerably.
The turning point of the emperor system
The Kusuko Incident itself is very modest, but it is a historical event from the perspective of the emperor system, and the root of it was the dual power structure of the emperor and the emeritus.
The emperor, a descendant of Amaterasu Omikami, has been deified and continues to reign at the top of Japan, so even if the emperor transfers and becomes the emeritus, he is still a descendant of Amaterasu Omikami. Therefore, both the emperor and the emeritus have tremendous power and often confront the emperor.
There were also Emperor Emeritus and Emperor Kotoku during the Asuka period, and Emperor Koken and Emperor Junnin during the Nara period.
And this Kusuko Incident was also an incident because the Emperor was originally the highest authority, but the Emperor also had the same power.
Therefore, after the incident, Emperor Saga moves to unify power with the emperor.
Emperor Saga abolished all the political functions of Heijokyo created by Emperor Emeritus Heijo, and after the transfer, Emperor Saga left the political affairs by retiring and informed himself that the only person with the highest power was the emperor.
Originally, it should be stipulated by law, but the emperor and emeritus were not stipulated by law because they are transcendental to the law.
In this way, the relationship between the emperor and the emeritus was clarified by the change of the pharmacist, and one of the causes of the disorder of the country for hundreds of years was solved, and this case was positioned as a turning point of the emperor system. increase.