1. Winfield Scott's Grand Strategy:
- Amphibious Campaign: Scott devised a bold strategy to capture Mexico City by launching an amphibious invasion at Veracruz, on the Gulf of Mexico. This unexpected move allowed U.S. forces to bypass heavily defended northern regions and strike directly at the heart of Mexico.
- Route to Mexico City: After landing at Veracruz, Scott led his army through difficult terrain, including the mountainous Sierra Madre Oriental range. He secured key victories along the way, most notably at the Battle of Cerro Gordo, which opened the path to Mexico City.
2. Zachary Taylor's Early Successes:
- Battles in Northern Mexico: Taylor, known as "Old Rough and Ready," achieved significant victories in northern Mexico. He defeated Mexican forces at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, securing control over the Rio Grande region and parts of northeastern Mexico.
- Capture of Monterrey: Taylor led his troops to capture the important city of Monterrey, further advancing U.S. control over northern Mexico.
3. Scott's Mexico City Campaign:
- Siege and Capture: After Taylor's early victories, Scott's army continued the advance toward Mexico City. In a series of battles, including Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, and Chapultepec, Scott's forces defeated the Mexican army and eventually captured Mexico City in September 1847.
4. Taylor's Support and Reinforcements:
- Troop Contributions: Taylor's successful early campaigns and occupation of northern Mexico provided essential support for Scott's main effort toward the capital. He supplied reinforcements and maintained supply lines for Scott's army.
5. Combined Command and Cooperation:
- Coordination of Efforts: Despite initially having separate commands, Scott and Taylor eventually coordinated their efforts to ensure the overall success of the war. Scott assumed command of all U.S. forces in Mexico after Taylor's victories in the north.
The contributions of Generals Scott and Taylor were crucial in overcoming the challenges of the Mexican terrain, defeating Mexican armies, and ultimately achieving the U.S. objectives in the war. Their leadership, strategic planning, and coordination played a significant role in securing victory for the United States in the Mexican-American War.