* Positive views:
* Kublai Khan was seen as a strong and effective leader who brought peace and prosperity to China.
* He was also admired for his patronage of the arts and sciences, and for his promotion of religious tolerance.
* Many northern Chinese people also appreciated Kublai Khan's efforts to preserve traditional Chinese culture and customs.
* Negative views:
* Some northern Chinese people resented Kublai Khan's rule because he was a foreigner and because he favored Mongols over Chinese in government positions.
* There was also some concern about Kublai Khan's expansionist policies, which led to wars with neighboring countries.
Southern Chinese perspective:
* Positive views:
* Some southern Chinese people admired Kublai Khan for his military prowess and for his ability to unify China.
* They also appreciated his efforts to promote trade and commerce, which brought economic benefits to the region.
* Negative views:
* Many southern Chinese people resented Kublai Khan's rule because he was a foreigner and because he imposed harsh taxes on the region.
* There was also some resistance to Kublai Khan's attempts to suppress local customs and traditions.