Pal dynasty
The Pala dynasty of Bengal was established in the middle of the eighth century. According to the Salempur inscription of Dharmapala, the people of Bengal made a person named Gopal as the ruler, who laid the foundation of the rule of the Pala dynasty. Gopal built a vihara at Odantapuri. Vikramshila University was established during Dharmapala's time, which was a major center of Buddhist learning.
Devpal defeated Pratihara ruler Mihirbhoja, during his reign Shailendra ruler had demanded 5 villages to donate to Nalanda Mahavihara. The Arab traveler Suleiman described the Pala dynasty as more powerful than the Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas and called the Pala Empire as Ruhama. The people of Kaivarta caste revolted during the reign of Rampal.
Sen Dynasty
Taking advantage of the weakness of the Pala dynasty, Samant Sen established the Sen dynasty in Bengal. Ballal Sen was the Prabuddha ruler of the Sen dynasty. He wrote the Dan Sagar and the wonderful Sagar (On Astronomy) treatises.
In the court of Lakshman Sen, Jaydev, the author of Gita Govind, the author of Pawandoot couplets and the author of Brahman Sarvasva, Hlalayddha. Halayudh was the judge and chief minister of Laxman Singh. In 1202 Bakhtiyar Khilji invaded Bengal during the reign of Lakshman Sen.
Dynasties of Kashmir
Kalhana's Rajatarangini (1150 AD) describes the ancient history of Kashmir. Kakarkot Jab was founded by Dulabhvardhan in 627 AD. Lalitaditya Muktapid (approximately (724 – 760 AD) was the famous ruler of Karkot bus. Rajatarangini describes the victories of Lalitaditya Mukta Pir. He built the Sun temple of Martand.
The founder of the Utpal dynasty was non-existent. Whereas the founder of the Lahore dynasty was Sangram Raj. Avneet Varman established the city of Avanti and his officer Suyya built canals for irrigation. In 980 AD, Queen Didda of the Utpal dynasty established peace in the state, but she was a mischievous woman. After his death in 1003 AD, Sangramraj became the ruler, who laid the foundation of the Lahore dynasty.
Harsha became the king, whose dependent poet was Kalhan, whose description of Rajatarangini ends with Jai Singh, the last ruler of this year. So . In 1339 AD Shahmir established Muslim rule in Kashmir.