Previously Relationship between Sugawara no Michizane and Taira no Masakado I wrote about, but the important Sugawara no Michizane I didn't touch on the character of Sugawara no Michizane, so today I would like to write about Sugawara no Michizane.
Speaking of Sugawara no Michizane, there is an image of intellectuals. It may be because he has the face of a politician as well as the face of a literary and scholar.
Before we talk about Sugawara no Michizane, let's take a look at why he was promoted.
Relationship between Mr. Fujiwara and Emperor Uda
Michizane Sugawara The relationship between Emperor Uda and Mr. Fujiwara I have to look at it.
Emperor Uda Is the seventh prince of Emperor Kouko is.
Emperor Kouko Is the predecessor Emperor Emperor Yozei and his mother, Takako Fujiwara ( Emperor Kouko Fujiwara no Mototsune who had the most power in his time (Sister of the same mother) and Fujiwara no Mototsune After a feud and a power struggle between the brothers and sisters, it was a coronation in the form of a dismissed connection.
Two years after the coronation, Mototsune And the predecessor Emperor Yozei In consideration of this, all princes and princesses except the princess who will become Saio and Saiin are given the Genji surname. Emperor Kouko But at first, he probably didn't think about putting his own child on the throne.
However, Emperor Kouko fell ill. Is neither the prince Sadayasu (11 years old) born by Takako nor the prince Sadayasu (7 years old) born by Mototsune's daughter, but wants to take his own child to the throne > I came to think so. I consulted there with Mototsune's sister-in-law and Samurai Fujiwara no Shukuko . (Norito).
She is Emperor Kouko 7th child, Foster mother of the Ministry of Source (Sadami) But also, actively Mototsune It seems that he was persuaded. This was successful, and he was the only one in the history of Japan to leave the imperial status before becoming the throne. From such a background, Emperor Uda Is born.
Emperor Uda Fujiwara no Mototsune at the time of coronation Kampaku I was trying to confer the status of. It was Tachibana no Hiromi who drafted this edict. (Hiromi). Actually, this person, conflict with scholars close to Mr. Fujiwara (It seems that they were in conflict by making something like what is now called a school sect, Sugawara no Michizane Is Tachibana no Hiromi I was by my side). In addition, Tachibana no Hiromi Has a daughter named Yoshiko Emperor Uda's Nyogo Because I was serving as a consort kin in the future had.
So, Fujiwara no Mototsune Is " Ako's Conflict 』Causes an incident called. In the drafted edict, "Give me Ako " Ako " in the sentence "Take the responsibility of the Lord." "The position is just a form," he made a difficult habit and refused to serve . I did.
It was Fujiwara no Sukey who mentioned Ako at this time. (Sukeyo) And later Emperor Uda Is this Fujiwara no Sukey We will perform retaliation personnel to make you a land guard. Also, Ako Emperor Kouko Isn't it the reason why he refused to serve because it wasn't written about the full delegation of affairs like that time? Some people say that.
This " Ako's Conflict Was mediated by Mamoru Sanuki Sugawara no Michizane (The theory is that I became Sanuki Mamoru because I was so good that I wanted to smoke). Sanuki was an administratively difficult land due to drought, but as an administrative officer, he was sometimes questioned about his qualities, such as leaving his miserable life in poetry. However, " Ako's dispute 』Surely Michizane The evaluation of is increasing.
Sugawara no Michizane's family and its half-life
Here Sugawara no Michizane Let's write about.
Michizane Sugawara Is a family of scholars for generations monjo hakase (A teacher who teaches Chinese poetry and history in a university dormitory) It is said that it was his father, Koreyoshi, who advanced to his participation.
Michizane Is a strategy test It turns out that he was very good, such as breaking through at the age of 26. Strategy Only 65 people have passed in 230 years, and it was rare to pass at this young age. This strategy You need to go to school to receive it. The most influential school at that time was " Sanin-tei (Sugaya Corridor) ". Mr. Sugawara's private school And because there were many Sugawara clan and high-ranking bureaucrats who graduated from it, Michizane Sugawara is the head of a large faction . It was in.
Emperor Uda Is a Hanlin Academy in Tang (Hanlin Academy, the brain under the direct control of the emperor) I was watching the monjo hakase (Because Emperor Uda did not have a consort kin with Mr. Fujiwara and he was drunk with boiling water due to Ako's dispute) I tried to eliminate Mr. Fujiwara and take control of politics Because of that, I tried to train and organize his vassals It is. Due to such circumstances, in 891 Fujiwara no Mototsune Kurodojin when he dies After being appointed to, I will continue to follow the path of success.
At the same time, he was a relatively newcomer due to his father's participation, and Haji , whose founder Sugawara was involved in the funeral procession. Partly because of that, the envy of those around me increased for my unusual career advancement.
Michizane Sugawara Was originally treated as a descendant of the Haji clan regarding the funeral procession and a newcomer who was a counselor from his father's generation, so harassment from others and Emperor Uda You can imagine it after it's gone.
Sugawara no Michizane as a politician
First, 894 "Let's go back to 894 (blank paper / hakushi), envoy to Tang "is not it.
This is Michizane This is the achievement of Abolition of the envoy to Tang There is also a back.
First, the reigning Emperor Uda Is Hanlin Academy Emperor with a deep knowledge of Tang But because it was, Mr. Fujiwara and Michizane around me Those who smoke will have successfully guided. Request to resume envoy to Tang , which had not been done for nearly 60 years To do.
Of course, the situation in Tang is Michizane I knew and Michizane I will not go to the envoy to Tang because Mr. Fujiwara is reluctant to take control again due to the disappearance of Determined to do that. But it's not that easy. Ono no Takamura, who became the deputy envoy to Tang almost 60 years ago, is a envoy to Tang . It has been exiled for declining. So Michizane Emphasized that it was a high risk and low return from the situation at that time in Tang, " Mission to Tang It's better to stop. " Emperor Uda The envoy to Tang has been canceled , partly because of the heavy trust from have become.
While doing so, Emperor Uda Suddenly in 897, his 13-year-old son, Imperial Prince Junjin ( Emperor Daigo ). The reason for this is to enter the Buddhist gate Or, to win political freedom from Mr. Fujiwara Or, I wanted to put my child on the throne before the royal family of his former imperial lineage complained Many things have been said, but the reality is that I don't really understand.
Emperor Uda Is Emperor Daigo Michizane and Fujiwara no Tokihira Let's do politics in.
However, these movements completely backfire. Taking the initiative not to leave it to Mr. Fujiwara alone, Emperor Uda Emperor Daigo By placing it around the Emperor Daigo Distrust of Emperor Uta and Michizane's politics Will be recruiting.
After the transfer, Emperor Uta Is Michizane At the same time, he was also enthusiastic about Buddhism, and in 899 he left the house and received a reprimand at Toji Temple. It was not possible to cooperate as much as before. Jianzhen Osho Tendai sect Was deeply involved with the imperial court, but compared to Kukai (Kobo Daishi) is the founder of Shingon Buddhism Has a weak relationship with the imperial court. The voice of the Shingon sect has increased, and the voice of Pope Uta in the imperial court has increased. So, maybe he was enthusiastic about Buddhism for the purpose of increasing his voice in addition to his devotion.
So in 901, Emperor Daigo Sugawara no Michizane and his sons are relegated ..
Of course, there is no reason to relocate the Minister of the Right. Minister of the Left Fujiwara no Tokihira Sugawara no Michizane Rumors that his son-in-law, Tokiyo, will be the imperial prince Was shed. Furthermore, Emperor Daigo Is Fujiwara no Tokihira Sister, Yasuko Making (Onshi Yasuko) a nyōgo, de facto queen Will be treated as.
As a result, Emperor Daigo Deepens cooperation with Mr. Fujiwara Emperor Daigo and Fujiwara no Tokihira sect pay political victory It was become a thing.
These events are Masayasu's transformation Is called. After all, Michizane died in 903 with disappointment.
Sugawara no Michizane's grudge
However, the twist will come again. That is Sugawara no Michizane's grudge is.
Zhang himself who praised him, Fujiwara no Tokihira Died of illness at a young age in his thirties. Tokihira's son also died suddenly However, Cloistered Emperor heard the turmoil. Those who blocked the way were also struck by lightning and died. Emperor Daigo The crown princes also die one after another.
This continued, and there was a rumor that "It's Sugawara no Michizane's grudge!" After all, only the Tokihira factions died is.
And finally in 930, Emperor Daigo Lightning strike to Seiryoden Has caused many casualties. The Emperor Daigo who witnessed it also died about three months later ..
Until 931 Cloistered Emperor Was alive, so he was effectively a political center Cloistered Emperor Will be returned. Originally Michizane Tokihira's younger brother, Chuhei Is Emperor Daigo after his brother's death While he was in charge of the morning affairs, he remained in the central nervous system and continued to advance, Cloistered Emperor Even after he was returned, he continued his official duties to the center of politics under Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami I will be involved in the imperial court. In 918, Taira no Masakado Is Fujiwara no Tadahira Serving under.
Raijin and Michizane were connected because there were many people who were struck by lightning and died. In 923, he returned to the Minister of the Right from the second rank of the second rank, and gave him the second rank, but that was not enough and the Seiryoden lightning strike Developed into.
There, in Kitano, Kyoto, where Karatenjin was worshiped as a landlord, Kitano Tenmangu Was erected, Michizane It seems that he tried to calm the public tatari.
After that, for about 100 years, it is often said that it is the work of grudges every time a catastrophe occurs. Tenjin Faith Is said to have spread all over the country. In 993, he was promoted to the Minister of the Left and Daijo-daijin. This is Michizane It is due to the descendants of Chuhei who had a favorable view of.
Michizane was feared as a grudge, but as the times went by, he was a god of learning because of his extraordinary talent in his lifetime. It came to be called, and now it is evaluated as a loyal vassal.
Michizane was not only an academic god but also various gods! !!
Initially, Tenmangu was built to calm Michizane's grudges, but as time goes by, his character as a grudge has diminished and he is worshiped as various gods.
God of learning
This is Sugawara's family of scholars for generations Michizane himself was a excellent scholar . It comes from that. It seems that Michizane's death date overlaps with February 25 * in the first half of the national university, which may be increasing the number of people visiting to pray for success.
* It seems that there are some differences depending on the university, but it's about February 25th.
The god of literature and waka poems
In addition to scholarship, I was also good at waka poetry and calligraphy, so I can be praised like this ...
When Renga became popular during the Muromachi period, it was derived from the god of waka and the belief as a god of renga was born.
In modern times, in a broad sense, the god of literature and performing arts Known as.
God of sincerity
Minister of the Right as a politician Michizane continued to pray for his own innocence and national peace even after being swept away by Dazaifu for innocent charges. It has been with. Michizane, who was a faithful vassal until the end, is now God of sincerity . It is worshiped by many people.
Also, after his death, he was found guilty of false accusations and was given to the rank of Minister of Government.
God of Immunity Also known as.
Raijin / Agricultural God
The raging god who controls natural phenomena such as lightning and the sunshine that causes famine was something that farmers should believe in and calm down.
In this way, shrines and dusts dedicated to Tenjin were built in various places, and prayers for a good harvest, rain, and festivals to calm floods began to be held.
In modern times, Sugawara no Michizane is worshiped by people not as a grudge but as a variety of gods, including the god of learning.
The shrines dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane are Tenmangu Shrine, Tenjin Shrine, Sugawara Shrine, Oomatsu Shrine, and Umegae Shrine . The number is about 11,800 companies nationwide It is said that it will be.
Why don't you look for a nearby shrine and visit Michizane? ??