Tanuma Okitsugu Instead, it was Matsudaira Sadanobu , the lord of the Shirakawa Domain in Mutsu Province, who was responsible for the financial reconstruction of the Shogunate. was.
Sadanobu is a clan of the Tokugawa Shogunate Gosankyo One of the Tayasu family So, he was the grandson of Yoshimune.
Matsudaira Sadanobu, the grandson of Tokugawa Yoshimune, and Kansei Reforms
He has been intelligent since he was a child, and is said to have been regarded as the 11th Shogun.
However, the reforms of the Tanuma period were [ bribery politics . ] Because he was criticized, he was estranged from Tanuma and was afraid of Tanuma Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family head By adopted child of the Matsudaira clan of the Shirakawa domain It will be. This will get out of the Three Lords It will be excluded from general candidates It will be.
Later, the successor to the Tayasu family was absent and he offered to adopt him, but he was not allowed, and the Tayasu family continued to be absent for decades.
It is said that Sadanobu, who was once said to be the next shogun, resented Tanuma Okitsugu and even tried to assassinate him. He had denied himself in order to manage to enter the Shogunate [ bribe ] Was handed over to Tanuma Okitsugu ...
During the Shirakawa domain, Tenmei famine He demonstrated his skill in rebuilding the domain reforms. While famine caused a lot of damage to various parts of Tohoku, the Shirakawa domain of Sadanobu had stockpiled rice in preparation for famine, so no one died of starvation.
When Tanuma was ousted in the place of the 11th Ienari after being bought by the domain reforms, he was recommended by the Misan family to Rōjū and Shogun . I will take charge of the shogunate next door. Sadanobu changed the politics of the Tanuma period, which strengthened his relationship with merchants, and worked on the shogunate reforms for six years until 1793, using the reform of Kyoho, his grandfather, as a model.
This is Kansei Reforms Is called.
There are five main reforms of Kansei that Matsudaira Sadanobu carried out.
Kienrei
In a nutshell, it's like a Tokuseirei So, in order to rescue Hatamoto and his family who couldn't get around due to debt, he ordered the rice broker to waive his debt to Hatamoto and lower the interest rate of the debt. You will be in trouble because the debt will be canceled against the difference between the bills. We dealt with it by providing financial support.
Kansei Edict Prohibition
Among Confucianism, Cheng-Zhu was treated as a regular school, and other studies were prohibited.
The background is that Cheng-Zhu School, which emphasizes agriculture and upper and lower order, was considered to be the best study to correct the weakened shogunate.
Security stability
In order to rescue the homeless people and stabilize their security, we gathered the homeless people on Ishikawajima in Edo for vocational training and gave them jobs.
The facility built on Ishikawajima is called a human foothold. In addition, we have launched a fund system called the Seven-part Reserve Fund as a reserve fund in case something happens to a town or village.
Rural reconstruction
In order to stabilize the annual tribute rice, which is an important asset of the Shogunate, we worked on the reconstruction of rural areas.
At that time, I provided financial support to farmers from rural areas who had come to work in Edo in large numbers and urged them to return to their villages. This series of policies is called the old village return farming order.
Surrounding rice
In order to prepare for the fund, the daimyo of various clan will set up a company storehouse and a Yoshikura storehouse to stockpile rice and millet.
This is one of the policies that Sadanobu had adopted when he was adopted by a local daimyo. did not.
Finally ...
As mentioned above, Matsudaira Sadanobu has implemented economic policies aimed at protecting the vulnerable.
Matsudaira Sadanobu also protected the vulnerable, while forcing the common people to make severe savings. Due to these policies, they are disliked by the common people and cause a loss.
A quick look at the Kansei Reforms seems to be a policy aimed at helping the common people who were hit by the famine of the store name. The common people here mainly refer to farmers, tradesmen, and low-ranking samurai, and do not include merchants.
Tanuma Okitsugu's policy makes a clear difference when compared to the emphasis on commerce.
There were criticisms due to the strict restraint on the common people and the treatment of merchants, and criticisms continued from within the Shogunate government, and in just six years, the old man was dismissed. After his demise, he contributed to the domain reform of the Shirakawa domain, and although it was a domain with few fruits, he recommended horse production and moistened the domain's finances. He has also contributed to civil affairs and is hailed as a great prince in the Shirakawa domain.
Among the feudal lords, he is highly regarded as a master of the late Edo period.