Due to the influence of the new coronavirus, it is requested to refrain from going out nationwide, and various media [ stay home ] There were many celebrities calling. It's a good time to work outdoors. I'm not the only one who has been refraining from going out unnecessarily and having a hard time for more than a month at this time.
Therefore, this time, as the title says, it is a self-restraint connection, and the punishment of the Edo period " Kanai closed " I would like to write about.
Various punishments during the Edo period
[ Historical drama ] There are many famous scenes that you are familiar with, but the one that immediately comes to mind is the seppuku scene.
Also, the famous historical drama " Ooka Echizen [Seppuku] and [Island Exile] It is also remembered that such sentences may be sentenced. There is only a shocking punishment to cut the stomach and make amends, and the punishment of the Edo period is [ seppuku ] I think the image is big.
No matter how much Ooka Echizen or anyone ordered "Seppuku", when I actually examined the punishment in the Edo period, I found that the punishment applied was different depending on the status.
| suitable Status used | punishment |
|---|---|
| Common to all statuses | Exiles other than seppuku and decapitation, remote islands, exile, push-in, slaughter, custody, bleaching, city hauling, caning, tattooing |
| People | Hand chains, door closures, fines, scolding, non-human minions, human footholds |
| Samurai | Seppuku, beheading, rehabilitation, taking up the role, swordsmanship, closing, closing, refraining, retreating, foreclosure |
| Monk | Additional hospital, discharge, one sect, one sect, 蟄 嶄, closing, siege, refrain, retreat, foreclosure |
| Women only | guy, shaving |
| Other | Collective punishment, collective punishment |
As you can see from the figure above, the punishment for the house and the closing of the gate are different, but [ Do not stay at home ] Is the same in that. It was a punishment, so it was a pain for those who were sentenced.
First of all, [Kai] and [Closed] I will write from the difference of.
[Closed] was for a limited time
The gate is closed It was a relatively light sentence compared to.
The content of the punishment was literally fixing the gate of the mansion with a bamboo pole and closing the windows to prohibit people from entering and exiting. As mentioned above, it is a punishment applied to high-ranking people such as samurai and monks.
Of course, it is impossible to go out because the gate is closed, and no vassals or maids who serve the house can enter. The subject of the punishment stayed in his mansion and was constantly watched by guards around the mansion.
Unlike us, there was a limit to what we could do in our room during the Edo period, so it wouldn't have been as painful as our free time. I couldn't help but want to go out even with this restriction on going out, but considering the situation at that time, I'm sure I'm going to be crushed by stress.
At this point, I feel that it is a meaningful punishment for some punishment.
As mentioned earlier, this closing is a relatively light punishment and, in principle, lasts 50-100 days . It was stipulated that after that, the disposition was told. In addition, if you feel unwell during your reluctance, you are allowed to call a doctor and cooperate in firefighting activities in the case of a fire, and if the mansion is about to collapse, you could move to another place.
Edo period version of life imprisonment [Kai]
It is heavier than the closing of the gate [ Kanai 】is.
It is a punishment that is restricted from going out like closing the gate, but the big difference is that you can not go out from one room of the mansion even with the same decency. The gate was closed because I couldn't get out of the mansion, so if it was a large mansion, I could move freely. However, if you can't get out of the room, [no bath] [Magei] And [shaving] Also NG , Meals can be eaten by the family in the mansion to the room, and it is at least a relief to be able to go to the bathroom?
It's a very painful punishment just to hear [ Kanai ] However, the target is often applied mainly to political things, so it seems that it was not uncommon for people to run on the elite highway so far. Famous places include [Tanuma Okitsugu] [Yoshida Shoin] and [Tokugawa Yoshinobu *] . And so on.
There are three main types of punishment, even if it is called a 蟄 冄. had. In the case of a normal 蟄 冄, it could be done in a short period of time, but in the case of a 蟄 冄 冄 and a permanent 蟄 冄, that was not the case.
Retirement of the 蟄 冄
It refers to a clan that has been handed over to the family and accompanied by a retreat.
The scary part of this house is that it is subject to disposal regardless of age, and the house continues even while it is retired. To put it simply, it seems that he was forced to retire and be forced into a crab during the active period when he was in his twenties, and it was a natural disposition to end his life.
Eternal residence
The stricter disposition than the retreat is the eternal retreat, and you have to read it and stay in the retreat for the rest of your life. When he was sentenced to a permanent residence, the room he was pushed into was fitted with a grid, which is the same as being put in prison while staying at home, which is exactly life imprisonment.
As mentioned above, the punishment that deprives you of your freedom, such as a custodial sentence or closing the gate, is called a [free sentence], and there are many other punishments with behavioral restrictions other than these two. It is the same as closing the gate, but there are also [blockage] that is only allowed to go out at night and [refrain] that guests may have, so even the same sentence is subdivided.
The samurai in the Edo period were all mens
At first glance, the punishment and closing of the gate may seem easy, but you can see that it is a very painful punishment. It's painful just to be deprived of freedom of life, but the samurai at that time [ closed gate ] By Mens [face] It is said that it was the hardest thing to be crushed.
The samurai in a peaceful world focused on mens, not martial arts. Anyway, I emphasized the behavior like a samurai and sometimes tried to protect Mens even if I gave my life. For the samurai, [Mentions =Life] It seems that it was.
Also, if someone disposes of closing the gate, the information will be disseminated in an instant, and that is exactly what the samurai's men will increase in the city of Edo at that time. It is said that in the world of samurai, if the mens were crushed, they could lose their jobs and status in the future.
The closing of the gate, which is equivalent to the loss of prosperity of the house, causes a great deal of damage to the samurai's house. We are now in a state of emergency due to the effects of the new coronavirus. As a result, [ voluntary closing ], But fortunately I feel that it is at least a salvation that the mens are not crushed even if I refrain from doing so.
Some of you may be tired from your self-restraint.
As of May 23, 2020, self-restraint outside the three Kanto prefectures and Hokkaido has been lifted. I can't say that I have completely defeated Corona, but I hope we can work together so that we can refresh our minds and bodies by releasing our self-restraint.