What was the beginning of the turmoil in the Northern and Southern Dynasties? ??

I get the impression that the Muromachi period is not as stable as the Kamakura and Edo periods of the same samurai government. Most of the cause of that image is the beginning of the Warring States period. And one more. It is not unrelated to the fact that the imperial court was divided and fought due to the turmoil of the Northern and Southern Dynasties with the start of the Muromachi period.

If you look at the Northern and Southern Dynasties, you can see how the Muromachi Shogunate prospered and lost its power. That's why this time, let's approach the turmoil of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Forerunner of the Northern and Southern Dynasties! The era of both sides

The era when the imperial family broke up into the Southern and Northern courts Northern and Southern Dynasties Is called. The reason why such a situation occurred in the first place is that the 88th Emperor Gosaga of the Kamakura period did not appoint a successor and the imperial line was divided into two both lines . It all started when it became (Ryoto Tetsuritsu).

What is Ryosei?

Both sides – from Wikipedia

Looking at the flow up to the establishment of both sides over the years,

Emperor Gosaga died without leaving a will to nominate his successor.

Speaking of what I left in my will

• Emperor Go-Fukakusa becomes Emperor Go-Fukakusa
• Sakanoue Tamura Maro's sword to Emperor Kameyama
• Successors should follow the intentions of the Kamakura Shogunate

something like. Both of them brought a ruling to the shogunate because they wanted a cloister rule. At the time of the ruling, the Shogunate decided to inquire of the birth mothers of Emperor Go-Fukakusa and Emperor Kameyama what Emperor Go-Saga thought.

From the flow so far, it is clear that Gosagain wanted the lineage of Emperor Kameyama as his successor, and in fact, the two mothers also returned the answer, "In the lineage of Emperor Kameyama." ..

If the shogunate was also made into the system of Emperor Kameyama, it would not have been lost later, but the relationship between the key man of the Kamakura shogunate, Tokusou Hojo, and Saionji Sanekane, who was the coordinator of the imperial court and the institute, said, "Kameyama father and son

* Partially erased for 10 years. In recent years, the prevailing theory is that the Shogunate's compromise, "Let's take turns for 10 years, let's stand together" has not been reached.

In order to distinguish them from each other, the Emperor Kameyama's line is Daikakuji line . , Emperor Go-Fukakusa's lineage Jimyoin line I call it.

* Emperor Kogon succeeded to the throne at the end of the Kamakura period due to the demise of Emperor Go-Daigo, but he is not included in the successive emperors because Emperor Go-Daigo denied the throne of Emperor Kogon. However, when Emperor Kogon's younger brother, Emperor Komyō, took the throne due to Takauji's support, he was treated as the first emperor in the Northern Court because he was in charge of the cloister rule.

The Daikakuji line and the Jimyoin line have been enthroned alternately, but please remember the will of Emperor Gosaga.

The territory of the chief auditorium of the villas became Emperor Go-Fukakusa

That is the part. The important financial base was held by the Jimyoin line. Organizations with unstable financial bases tend to be absorbed by economically superior organizations. Therefore, Emperor Kameyama, who has a disadvantageous financial base, decided to take a plan to obtain the Hachijo-in territory of the large villas.

This incident intensified the battle for the royal villas that the imperial family should have managed in a decentralized manner, and politically as well as economically completely divided . It has become.

In addition, the imperial court and the shogunate have come closer to each other since his son Prince Munetaka came to the position of shogun of the Kamakura shogunate during the time of Emperor Gosaga. Naturally, some emperors were dissatisfied with the increased interference from the shogunate.

The throne of Emperor Go-Daigo and the destruction of the Kamakura Shogunate

Emperor Go-Daigo, famous for Kenmu's new government. To tell the truth, Emperor Go-Nijo died at a young age, and the firstborn son of Emperor Go-Nijo was sick at a young age. rice field.

The unexpected Emperor Go-Daigo was set up there. He was the so-called middle reliever emperor.

Emperor Go-Daigo was dissatisfied with the fact that his child could not be attached to the imperial family and that Kamakura-dono was from the Jimyoin line. Furthermore, at that time, during the era when the emeritus was in charge of politics in the cloister rule, Emperor Go-Daigo, who took the throne at the age of 31, was no exception and became the emperor of decoration. There is no interesting reason. Since the imperial line is divided into two, it is difficult to concentrate power.

So (although it's a bit rough)

"Isn't it okay if the Jimyoin line and the shogunate disappear?"

Then, Emperor Go-Daigo will move in the direction of overthrowing the Kamakura Shogunate. If you don't interfere, you and your child will be on the throne. The fact that there was a Mongol invasion, which is said to be the distant cause of the destruction of the Kamakura Shogunate, was also a tailwind. This is because the relationship between the shogun and the gokenin, which had been tied in the relationship of gratitude and service, had broken down.

Against this background, some villains respond to the movement of Emperor Go-Daigo. However, the first time he failed and was arrested. Due to the demise of Emperor Go-Daigo, Emperor Kogon of the Jimyoin line has taken the throne. At this time, Takauji Ashikaga participated in the war as the Kamakura Shogunate side, but when he escaped from the exile and started the second defeat movement, Takauji rebelled from the Kamakura Shogunate and defeated the Shogunate about Emperor Go-Daigo.

In this way, the Kamakura Shogunate was destroyed, and Emperor Go-Daigo began to move to create a nation centered on the emperor.

The unpopular Kenmu Restoration and the opening of a new imperial court

One of the reasons for Emperor Go-Daigo's defeat is "a dictation from the samurai government." He said, "It would be a bad idea to give power to the samurai," so he did not give a legitimate reward to the samurai who should have helped the destruction of the Kamakura Shogunate.

It is the samurai who are responsible for the military power rather than the imperial court. Although military power should be indispensable for running the government, as a result of eliminating the influence of the samurai who have that military power as much as possible, the dissatisfaction of the samurai will begin to hinder the management of the government.

Mr. Hojo, who witnessed the instability of the administration, raised troops in the wake of the 1335 turbulence aimed at the revival of the Kamakura Shogunate. Takauji goes to subdue it, but rebels against the new administration to help his younger brother and his aides, Ashikaga, at a disadvantage.

There were scenes where he was cornered, but the following year, Takauji Ashikaga conquered Kyoto. Emperor Go-Daigo was defeated and handed over three sacred treasures to Takauji to reconcile. Mr. Takauji holds the three sacred treasures and holds the Emperor Komyō of the Jimyoin line, and announces the Kenmu Shikimoku to open the shogunate. The Muromachi Shogunate was held at this time. is.

On the other hand, after being abolished, Emperor Go-Daigo escaped from the imprisonment and went to Yoshino.

"The three sacred treasures given to Mr. Takauji are fake, so the coronation is invalid."

I will open a new imperial court with myself as the emperor. Yoshino is a sacred place for Shugendo and there are many temples and shrines. Speaking of the temple power at that time, it was one of the major powers alongside the samurai government and the imperial court. Emperor Go-Daigo will pay attention to this temple and build a network all over the country.

This court is Southern because it is south of the court in Kyoto. Northern Court Will be called.

With the above circumstances, Northern and Southern Dynasties Opens the curtain. In this way, the Muromachi Shogunate supported the Northern Court, and it was a long-term conflict.