In the Japanese history class, the shoguns of the Muromachi Shogunate were first generation Ashikaga Takauji, third generation Yoshimitsu, seventh generation Yoshimasa, and fifteenth generation Yoshimitsu . Akira I was made to remember these four people.
This time, the reason why he became the successor among the generals of the Muromachi Shogunate, who tend to be sober except for the four generals who were made to remember in class because of the overlap between the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Warring States period, is " Lottery / strong> Ashikaga Yoshinori is a person who knows in a slightly story-like sense. I will hit the spot on.
Shogun Lottery when I wrote an article introducing Shogun Muromachi 15s He was a general who was not long-lived, but his thick and short life was spectacular.
Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori
Ashikaga Yoshinori Is the 3rd Shogun Yoshimitsu Ashikaga Retired from the shogunate, and his older brother, Yoshimochi , is eight years older. Was born in 1394, when he became the fourth shogun at the age of nine.
Yoshimitsu There are many other boys, and in addition to his brother who became a shogun at a young age, Yoshimitsu Was loved by his half-brother Yoshitsugu Yoshikyo Perhaps both the people around him and himself had seen that he would never take the position of shogun. Yoshinori Is 10 years old and Tendai sect I entered the temple (1403) and started priesthood at the age of 15 (1408).
Yoshinori Is Gien He came to call himself, and on the very day he left home, his half-brother, Yoshitsugu Is a prince. Yoshimitsu In Yoshikyo It seems that there is no intention to put him in the general position.
Gien (Yoshinori) must have had qualities in addition to the powerful backbone of the Ashikaga Shogunate's kinship (as far as the ability to consolidate power within the Shogunate after that). In his late twenties (1419), the top of the Tendai sect, Tendai-zasu I climbed up to a position called.
Let's take a look at the behind-the-scenes situation of the Shogunate
My brother, the 4th Shogun, Yoshimochi Is his father Yoshimitsu Died Yoshikyo He was 23 years old in 1408 when he was born. Yoshimitsu Died Yoshitsugu A few days after he took his genpuku. He succeeded to the shogunate, but his reign was not inherited Yoshimochi It was, but Yoshimitsu Since there was no will, Yoshimochi will continue to be in the position of Shogun and his reign will be inherited.
By the way, Yoshitsugu Is the later 6th Shogun, Yoshinori Is Gien He died at the young age of 25 in 1418, the year before he became Tendai-zasu.
Kamakura-fu located in the Kanto region Kamakura-fu in the situation where the head of the governing body called Kamakura Koga is sent from the Ashikaga Shogunate and has the Kanto Kanrei as an assistant. Uesugi Zenshu's turmoil caused by the mess of. This person named Zenshu Uesugi is Yoshitsugu Concubinage father. Further Yoshimochi By Yoshitsugu Yoshitsugu was forced to die because he rebelled against the restraint measures.
Yoshimochi is Uesugi Zenshu's Ran While succeeding in suppressing the leading daimyo, Uesugi Zenshu's Ran Yoshimochi over the treatment of the daimyo involved (Moderate) and Kamakura Koga (Strict treatment) will be in conflict.
As mentioned above, Yoshikyo My brother is Kamakura-fu If you build a foundation as the 4th Shogun while leaving the fire, the 5th Shogun's Yoshikazu Transfer the shogunate to (Yoshimochi's son). This is 1423. Yoshinori (Gien) is about 31 years old.
However, the Yoshikazu was given the general position. Is 19 years old and premature. So, Yoshimochi Is Yoshikazu Even after his death, he will continue to serve as a shogun.
Such Yoshikyo Brother's Yoshimochi However, he apparently did not appoint his next successor before he died.
Even if you give a successor, it is normal for the remaining human beings to be good if you die. Yoshimochi seemed to be doing well as a coordinator, but in his later years there was a slight discrepancy between the daimyo in the shadows.
It seems that he thought that even if he decided on a successor while the surrounding daimyo were jerky, he would be in conflict after Yoshimochi's death.
"I can't complain because it was decided by the oracle"
I will decide the general position by lottery so that it can be connected to the proof.
It is unbelievable for us today, but for people around this time, Iwashimizu Hachimangu Being selected for has an absolute meaning, and is a big plus for authority of righteousness . have become.
Besides that, Kamakura-fu At the top, Yoshimochi was a friend of dogs and monkeys Kamakura Koga Mr. Mochi Seems to have been aimed at completely eliminating him from his successor.
Ashikaga Yoshinori, who was quite capable
From the above circumstances, Yoshimochi who had been a priest from an early age The lottery with the names of the four younger brothers was drawn and assigned to Yoshikyo . was.
Since he was a priest before his genpuku and abandoned the world, he was in an unemployed state. In addition, he manages to take office as a general in a rather unusual situation where his hair is not growing. Meanwhile, the example Kamakura Koga Mr. Mochi However, it seems that the theory of inauguration of the shogun was on the market and there were quite a few.
Because all the candidates for succession were priests, and the situation was far from the world. It seems that he thought, "It is strange that a person who is in an unemployed state can take the position of general, and he should take it."
The first thing that Yoshinori did just before becoming a shogun was to solve the problem of succession in the imperial court.
Northern Court's torrent, Emperor Gokougon There was no boy to follow the flow of Emperor Shoko Yoshikyo learned that he was in a critical condition Was the father of Emperor Shoko and the prince of Chiten no Kimi, who took the Emperor Suko, the first emperor of the Northern Court, to Kossori Kyoto and thought that the next emeritus would be the Emperor Shoko. Emperor Komatsu Emperor Gokomatsu , showing consideration for telling him where he is Is said to have been satisfied.
It was Later Southern Court that waited for this. .. It's been a while since the end of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but I promised to take turns to the throne. Although it should have been the situation where the succession to the throne continued only in the Northern Court due to the disregard for the Southern Court As a result, the resistance of the (later) Southern Court, which seemed to be calm, reignited. After that, I decided to get involved in the power struggle of the leading daimyo.
However, it was a unavoidable choice in the absence of the Northern Court's torrent. Rather, Yoshikyo Isn't it an event that stands out because of the concern for the emeritus and the skill of nemawashi?
What did the religion do after taking office as a shogun? ??
Yoshimitsu Hard line of the times Yoshimochi , my brother who tried to fill in the distortion of Cooperative line politics of the times From a different point of view, it can be seen as weak. Yoshimochi His father, Yoshimitsu , may be to tighten the breach that came out in his later years. We will carry out policies that are close to the policies of the times.
The power was absolute in the shogunate [ Kanrei 】 Suppress the authority of [ Ming trade ] in terms of economy ] Was restarted and the financial base was strengthened.
Finance alone is not enough to govern a country. It is also necessary to strengthen military power. Yoshinori Puts a scalpel into the military power that tended to be left to the influential guardian.
Hokoshu under the direct control of the shogun Kanto and Kyushu are settled in just 13 years when he became a shogun with his own military power. To do. Mt. Hiei with a sphere of influence from Oshu in the north to Ryukyu in the south I even gave in. Mt. Hiei Speaking of myself, Tendai-zasu The head temple of the Tendai sect .. It is not possible without a great deal of preparedness.
Conflict with the old nest
Mt. Hiei Speaking of Emperor Shirakawa From the era of (Heian period in the latter half of the 11th century)
"One of the things that doesn't go the way you want"
As Enryakuji monk soldier The power that mentions. Yoshinori May know everything inside. His younger brother is Tendai-zasu I try to put it under the influence of the Shogunate, but Enryakuji The side is also blocked by this hand. On the contrary, he sued the official and the shogunate side had no choice but to break.
However, the Enryakuji side attacks with haste after seeing the violence of burning down the temple that did not sue after receiving this proceeding. Enryakuji responds to this by breaking, but there is no reason to give up here.
There is a suspicion that he is cursing through Mr. Mochiuji, who was disagreeing with the Shogunate of Yoshinori. Of course, there is no reason for the religion to pass through, and we will meet again. Finally, the Mt. Hiei side has settled down by attaching a pro-curtain sect to an internal organization called the Sanmon Enryakuji, which brings together the monks.
The reason why he was called a demon general
As I've written so far,
"I will do the resistance thoroughly"
The attitude is Yoshikyo This is the biggest reason why he came to be called the Demon General. Although not mentioned here, Mr. Mochi I am doing it thoroughly (I will write it in another article because it will be difficult to read if it gets longer than this).
Or rather Yoshikyo I am Tendai sect Enryakuji Considering that I grew up in Japan and became a master, it may be natural to do so thoroughly ...
By dictating politics, it has become a terrorist politics that gives severe punishment even for trivial matters. For example, some merchants were decapitated just because they smiled during the ceremony and confiscated their territory, or because they were rumored to attack Mt. Hiei.
Besides, Kampaku / Konoe Tadatsugu Hundreds of people, including officials, priests, and monks, were also punished, but most of the charges were trivial.
He is also called a demon general because of his political skills, and King Fushimimiya Sadanari is a [ hearing diary . ] And the deeds of the righteousness [ fear of all ] Was left behind.
The end of such a religion is unfortunate, 1437 Around Mitsusuke Akamatsu Rumor has it that he will be defeated by the shogun, and Mitsusuke, who is afraid of this, invites him to his home and assassinates the shogun. Since then, the shoguns have gradually lost their power, and the Onin War The Ashikaga Shogunate never had that absolute power again.
Recently, it seems that Ashikaga Yoshinori has been re-evaluated. [ Mt. Hiei's burning and daimyo control were started by Yoshinori and completed by Nobunaga and Ieyasu ] It is also said. At that time, Japan was in a three-way state of the imperial court, samurai, and temples and shrines led by monks. Among them, the samurai power and the temple and shrine power were dominant.
It seems that reducing the momentum of the temple and shrine forces has been re-evaluated as an absolutely indispensable element for uniting the country.
Also, Yoshimitsu Ashikaga Could not be achieved [ Kyushu Campaign / Kanto Suppression ] By Muromachi Shogunate's largest territory Was also won by Yoshikyo Was evaluated as competent, which is one of the reasons.
After all, Yoshikyo Completion of domestic stability and peace by absolute power It will be assassinated just before it is done ... It's not in history, but if there is no assassination, Onin War May not have happened.