The inevitable conflict to know the transition from the Heian period to the Kamakura period is Hogen rebellion And Heiji Rebellion , And Genpei War is.
To summarize each one briefly
- Hogen Rebellion : Go-Shirakawa And Emperor Sutoku The issue of succession to the throne developed into a battle in connection with the internal conflict of the regents
- Heiji Rebellion : Genji and Taira clash over postwar treatment And Genji lost the war
- Genpei War : Taira Heiji rebellion due to dissatisfaction from the surroundings as he seized the center of the administration Survivor Minamoto no Yoritomo Defeats the Heike and opens a shogunate in Kamakura
It's a battle like this.
The theme of this time is Hogen Rebellion Is honestly a very confusing battle.
Mere succession problem Not only that, but internal conflicts of the regents In addition to being involved, Genji and Taira were emerging at that time. , Shinsai , a political adviser from the time of Emperor Toba before Emperor Sutoku It is also a cause that it is difficult to understand that the speculation of is added.
| The battle for succession to the throne | Go-Shirakawa (Imperial Prince Masahito) ↑ Shinsai Is a nanny | Sutokuin |
|---|---|---|
| Sekiseki dispute | Fujiwara no Tadamichi | Fujiwara no Tada, Fujiwara no Yorinaga |
| Mr. Taira's internal conflict | Taira no Kiyomori | Tadamasa Hira |
| Conflict within Genji | Minamoto no Yoshitomo | Minamoto no Tameyoshi |
It's like this.
This time, such Hogen rebellion I will focus on and summarize.
Let's see the situation and situation in the court before the Hogen rebellion
In the imperial court, the 76th Emperor Konoe When the demise of the crown
■ " Emperor Sutoku Children ( Shigehito-shin ) To the emperor! Group
■ "Imperial Prince Morinito (later Emperor Nijo " ) Is good, but before that, my father's Masahito (Later Go-Shirakawa ) Is suitable! !! Group
It was divided into.
As a result, King Masahito became the throne as Go-Shirakawa. The losing side is driven into Hogen rebellion Will lead to. As I mentioned earlier, the conflict between the regents was involved at that time.
The regents of this period, to tell the truth, were not as powerful as they used to be. This is because it was a time when the cloister rule was in full swing.
The people above the arrow in the illustration are the people who had the most influence in actually conducting politics, and the people below the arrow are the emperor and the year of abdication at that time. When Emperor Shirakawa became Emperor Emeritus, the relationship between Emperor Horikawa and the regents was not bad.
Speaking of the difference between cloister rule and customs politics, both have the role of assisting the emperor who lacks practical ability.
- Customs politics In the case of Vassal acts as an assistant to the emperor
- Cloister rule In the case of Emperor OB, the emeritus acts as guardian
So, the institute had stronger power than the regent and Kampaku.
Hogen Rebellion Previously Cloister Rule All three emeritus worshiped Buddhism. Pope In addition to building large temples such as Rokusho-ji and holding a grand puja, Kii's Kumano and Takano pilgrimages were repeated.
Success to raise costs while the old land system was already overwhelming The number of people who sell ranks and governments such as (jogo) is increasing political turmoil is even worse It became.
When politics is disturbed, there are negative aspects such as insecurity. Who is active when security is disturbed is military power is not it. Of course, it seems that there was also an aspect of actively incorporating the power of the samurai in order to suppress the regents.
That's why samurai such as Taira and Genji will increase their presence in the imperial court . It was. It seems that there was such a historical background that the samurai were involved in the Hogen rebellion.
Human relations of Emperor Shirakawa who influenced the later cloister rule
Time is Emperor Gosanjo It goes back to the life of. Imperial Prince Sadahito Father of (later Emperor Shirakawa), Emperor Gosanjo Has no consort kin as a regent, and during the Tomiya era, Kampaku at that time, Fujiwara no Yorimichi Was treated coldly from.
Because he was such an unlucky prince of Tomiya, even if he was dressed as a genpuku, Sadahito prince There was no princess, but after her father's coronation, her sister-in-law, Michiko Fujiwara However, in 1071, Emperor Gosanjo Kenko Fujiwara Is Imperial Prince Sadahito I'm in.
Kenko Is Gosanjo Morning The granddaughter of Murakami Genji, who was the Minister of the Right, is a regent . “Fujiwara” Kenko because she was adopted as her adopted daughter. It is in the inside as. Because of this nature, regents I can see the intention to strengthen the power of Murakami Genji while making a face of.
Contrary to those surrounding speculations, Sadahito And Kenko I have a good relationship with my husband and wife, and I am blessed with a treasure for my second son and one girl.
While doing so, Emperor Gosanjo Four years after his coronation, Sadahito Was transferred from Emperor Go-Sanjo to Emperor Shirakawa Enthroned as. At this time, Emperor Gosanjo Second Prince ... Prince (Emperor Sanehito) is set up.
Emperor Go-Sanjo aimed at imperial-led politics instead of customs politics as before Therefore, Emperor Shirakawa , who has a close relationship with the regents. Seems to have thought that it was just a connection.
What are the changes brought about by the death of the Crown Prince and the death of Kenko? ??
Emperor Gosanjo Eleven years after his demise in 1073, Emperor Shirakawa's beloved wife, Kenko She also died at the age of 28, and a year later her prince I will go away.
It seems that Emperor Shirakawa was very angry when Kenko died. He seems to have been really close, so it's no wonder he tried to take over the forgotten memorial of the late Kenko.
Emperor Gosanjo According to his will, Prince Sukehito, the third prince who has no consort kin relationship with the regents, is Prince . Emperor Shirakawa Their grandmother, Yomeimonin ( Emperor Go-Suzaku Empress) was in motion, but the main guardianship was Yomeimonin only. Imperial prince Yoshihito with the current emperor and the regents on the back (Emperor Horikawa) could not be taken down. Overcoming the opposition of my grandmother Kenko Crown Prince of the 8-year-old Imperial Prince Yoshihito And I transferred it on the same day.
Emperor Horikawa Kampaku as an adult Moromichi With that, we will start to establish a pro-government. He was also famous as a wise emperor, but he was a good master . Kampaku as an assistant after his death Pope Shirakawa when he turns into a person with little political experience I had no choice but to consult with (I have already been a priest at this time). From here Cloistered Emperor Begins to get serious.
After that, Emperor Horikawa Pope Shirakawa Intervention became stronger (or rather stronger).
On the other hand, private life is ruined. Kenko Since his death, he has had a relationship with a woman regardless of his status without welcoming a formal nyōgo or princess, and has even reached out to a man. On top of that, women and men who have a relationship are in-no-kinshin I was supposed to join.
* Cloister rule I've been at the center of politics for 43 years alone, so Pope Shirakawa Even after the demise of the Crown, the people involved in this in-no-kinshin were Pope Shirakawa . You will continue to be influential by serving your sons and grandchildren and marrying them.
This lack of trust in women is Pope Shirakawa Emperor Toba , the grandson of Emperor Sutoku To put a subtle crack between and. This delicate relationship between parents and children develops into a battle for successors.
Relationship between Emperor Sutoku and surroundings
Emperor Sutoku Before Emperor Toba Emperor Sutoku I can't talk about.
Emperor Toba Is Emperor Shirakawa The person who is the grandson of. Initially, Emperor Toba Under Emperor Shirakawa Adopted daughter, Tamako (Tamako) has entered. Imperial prince Akihito ( Emperor Sutoku ) Is the prince born between these two people.
In fact, this Tamako Sekiseki I had a relationship with my eldest son, but because of a problem with my behavior, I refused, so her grandson Emperor Toba Tamako There is a history of having married.
* Kampaku's faithful was refused at this time. .. Pope Shirakawa By the time the relationship gets worse and Kampaku is dismissed. That's where the arrow of Shirahane stood, his son Fujiwara no Tadamichi . is. From a young age, Kampaku will be involved in various political struggles. After that, when Tadamichi returned to politics during the Toba cloister rule, Tadamichi became Kampaku and the relationship between father and son was cracked.
Emperor Toba And Tamako Chongde, Go-Shirakawa In 1123, his son Emperor Sutoku was born. Seems to be doing well, such as the coronation of the Emperor, but that is also Cloistered Emperor . Only with the backing of. 1129, Pope Shirakawa Demise of the Crown Tamako The situation has changed completely.
Hogen rebellion key person? Fujiwara no Nariko
Furthermore, Emperor Sutoku And Tamako The bad things for you continue. Around 1134, Pope Shirakawa Nanny's grandson ... the so-called in-no-kinshin Fujiwara no Nariko Has come to receive the favor of Tobain.
Emperor Toba And Nariko During 1139 Imperial Prince (Later Emperor Konoe ) Is born. Imperial prince Is a month old and has no children yet Emperor Sutoku He was adopted by the Emperor Emeritus Toba in 1141. Was 23 years old at the time Emperor Sutoku Emperor Konoe , 3 years old Is enthroned. At this point Takashi Emperor Tokugami Also a direct line of Shigehito-shin Was born, and her mother-in-law, Nariko I was adopted as a child.
* This Shigehito-shin Emperor Sutoku over his birth And regents Relationship with worsens. Tadamichi Kampaku I can't have a child with my daughter, and I'm Shigehito-shin with a different woman. Is born.
Meanwhile, Emperor Konoe "A certain rumor" begins to flow from around the coronation of. "The father of Emperor Sutoku was Pope Shirakawa." "Tako tried to curse and kill his son."
Of course it was at that time, so Emperor Sutoku I don't know who his father is, and it's doubtful whether it's true or not. That's why my mother's Tamako Cannot be punished.
However, the other "curse" was a good crime at that time. After all, Tamako Was driven until she left home, Nariko The position of is solid. She became the extraordinary empress consort in 1142, even though she was the wife of Emperor Daijo, who had already transferred.
Emperor Sutoku Her mother was forced to leave the house and her relationship with the regents deteriorated, and she gradually became more isolated.
Emperor Konoe's coronation and battle for successor
Emperor Sutoku Is transferred to Emperor Konoe When he was enthroned, a trap was set up. Emperor Konoe Is " son Not as " brother " 』It was supposed to be the coronation. Cloister rule Is a system of politics as a guardian of direct descendants So, tentatively Emperor Toba Retired Emperor Is Emperor Sutoku Cloister rule It has become a situation that can not be laid.
Emperor Konoe who was sick in such a situation Is 17 years old and demises without a succession. He will decide the next emperor.
I would like you to pay a little attention here.
Tobain when he was transferred to Emperor Konoe in 1142 Is alive.
Emperor Sutoku As " Shigehito-shin adopted Even with the intention of "to the emperor" (the first prince of the former emperor, Shigehito-shin Was definitely a strong candidate for the emperor), but the people around him, including Emperor Toba, had to persuade him.
Nariko Not only Kampaku Tadamichi , Although far from the elite, he is from a scholar's family and uses his knowledge as a weapon Political adviser to Pope Toba Shinsai The discussions get entangled because of the confusion.
Tadamichi What is Shigehito-shin There is still a lump around the birth of Shinsai Is another candidate for the emperor, Imperial Prince Masahito (=Emperor Go-Shirakawa)'s parent (his wife is Masahito Her nanny, which also helped her advance). And Nariko Is a fateful partner.
Shigehito-shin It was obvious that those who had been widespread would be wiped out when he took the throne, so Shigehito-shin I think it's my feeling that I really want to prevent the coronation of.
In the end, the anti-Sōtoku faction, who has survived the political dispute for many years, passed the speculation, and Masahito Is Go-Shirakawa Enthroned as.
In this way, the people of the Go-Shirakawa faction won the political dispute ... With these movements, Emperor Sutoku You can see that he has been cornered considerably. Due to such circumstances, Hogen rebellion Has happened, and the Heian period has come to the beginning of the end.