I haven't had a chance to explain this term directly even though the terms "jou", "mori", and "suke" have appeared several times in the articles so far, so I'd like to investigate this position. increase.
Fourth-class government system
"Jou" "Mamoru" "Kokushi" Words such as so-called fourth-class government It refers to the official title in the system. The higher you go, the greater you can say.
| Government officials | Ministry | Dazaifu | country | county |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kami (Secretary) | Sir | Marshal | Mamoru | Dairyo |
| Suke (Deputy Secretary) | Large and small Suke | Large and small 2 | suke | Gunji |
| (Judge) | Large and small 丞 | Large and small Supervisor | Large and small Jou | Gunji |
| Sakan (Main text) | Large and small Record | Large and small Nori | Large and small Eyes | Main book |
For dormitories other than the provinces, Dazaifu, countries, and counties in the table above (Gagaku dormitory, Onmyodo, etc., the top is "head") and Harumiya (Tougu, the crown prince's housekeeping is undertaken. The top is "Daio"). Each has a title that corresponds to the Secretary or Deputy Secretary.
Basically, all are called by the leftmost reading. Kanji characters such as "claim" and "taifu" that you can't read "sakan" or "kami" by any means are still listed in dictionaries as a special reading.
The remaining fourth-class government system
Even in the current Japanese system, this fourth official system The remnants of the name of are left.
This is the case with the "Administrative Vice-Minister," who often hears news.
"Administrative Vice-Minister" is an assistant to the minister who is the head of the ministry and is also the head of the secretary (general position).
Also, fourth official system Origin " eyes Write the word " Sakan " There are also people with the surname "san".
About the official position
The story goes back to the era of the Ritsuryo nation, but in order to get this official position, you must have a corresponding rank (= official position equivalent system ). The rank represents the rank that represents the order of the individual, Prince Shotoku . (Prince Shotoku) Twelve Stage Cap and Rank It started from.
The smaller the number, the higher the rank. The table is easier to see around here, so I've summarized it (the ranks are divided into 30 levels, but I've kept them up to the 5th place for ease of viewing).
| position | Daijo-kan | Department of Divinities | country | Dazaifu | People who can become | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Rank | Daijo-daijin | Imperial Family | Kings | Vassals | ||||
| Junior First Rank | ||||||||
| Senior Second Rank | Minister of the Left Minister of the Right | |||||||
| Junior Second Rank | ||||||||
| Senior Third Rank | Dainagon | |||||||
| Junior Third Rank | Marshal | |||||||
| Fourth Rank | on | Large valve | ||||||
| bottom | Count | |||||||
| Junior Fourth Rank | on | |||||||
| bottom | ||||||||
| Senior Fifth Rank | on | Large | ||||||
| bottom | ||||||||
| Jugoi 5th place | on | Mamoru (Power) | ||||||
| bottom | Mamoru (Kokusai) | |||||||
Aristocrat Is a person with a position of 5th or higher In addition to being generously favored by pointing to them, a system that inherits that rank from generation to generation (= purveyor system ) Was trying to maintain it. It is a mechanism in which a child (or grandchild) inherits the rank according to the rank of the father (fifth or higher) or grandfather (third or higher).
The imperial family is given one to four items (=first rank to fourth rank), and the kings are given one to five items. Vassals can also be in all ranks. However, not all officials were able to take up the ranks, and it seems that some of the lower-ranking officials were insignificant.
On the website of the Department of History, Faculty of Letters, Nara University, the ranks are described in detail as "The World of Heijokyo Officials". It's interesting because the salary is also listed. It seems that the current value of the third place or higher (current ministerial class) was 100 million yen or more (the top is 200 million yen or more !!).
The difference with lower-ranking officials in 6th place and below is obvious, and the salary is about 20 million yen in 5th place, while it is 1.65 million yen in 6th place. The bottom-ranked, lesser-initial-ranked people earned 600,000 a year. It seems that his life was established because he had other Kuchibunda and was exempt from tax, and it is said that he lived a blessed life even though he was a low-ranking official compared to the general public.