- Resources: Africa was rich in natural resources such as gold, diamonds, rubber, and ivory, which were highly valuable in the global market.
- Labor: African colonies provided a cheap and abundant labor force for European industries and plantations.
- Markets: Growing European economies sought new markets for their manufactured goods in Africa.
2. Political Factors:
- National Prestige: European powers competed for colonies to enhance their national prestige and global influence.
- Balance of Power: Acquiring colonies was seen as a way to maintain the balance of power in Europe.
3. Social Factors:
- Social Darwinism: The belief in the superiority of certain races, particularly Europeans, led to a desire to "civilize" and "Christianize" Africa.
- Missionary Work: Christian missionaries sought to spread their faith and establish missions in Africa.
4. Technological Factors:
- Advancements in Transportation: Improved steamships and railways facilitated the exploration and colonization of Africa's interior.
- Medical Advances: Discoveries in tropical medicine helped Europeans survive and thrive in challenging African climates.
5. Search for Living Space:
- Some European countries faced population growth and limited resources at home, leading them to seek new territories for settlement.