Background:
After the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD, the Muslim world faced several political challenges. The Umayyad dynasty came into power, and there was a division between the ruling caliphs and some Muslims who believed that leadership should have remained within the Prophet's family. Imam Hussein, the son of Ali ibn Abi Talib (the fourth caliph) and Fatima (the Prophet Muhammad's daughter), challenged the unjust rule of the Umayyad caliph, Yazid I.
Conflict:
In 680 AD, Imam Hussein received invitations from the people of Kufa (a city in modern-day Iraq) seeking his leadership. They were dissatisfied with the oppressive rule of the Umayyads and pledged allegiance to Imam Hussein. Upon his arrival in Karbala with a small group of supporters and family members, Imam Hussein's caravan was intercepted by a much larger army loyal to Yazid I.
The Battle:
The Umayyad army, led by Ubaydullah ibn Ziyad, surrounded Imam Hussein's camp and cut off their access to water. For ten days, the two sides engaged in negotiations, but Yazid refused to allow Imam Hussein safe passage.
On the Day of Ashura (the tenth day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar), Imam Hussein and his followers engaged in an unequal battle. Despite the significant disparity in numbers and resources, Imam Hussein and his companions stood firm in their belief and fought bravely.
Martyrdom:
On Ashura, Imam Hussein and most of his male companions were martyred. In this historic battle, Imam Hussein and his supporters exhibited exceptional courage, patience, and sacrifice to uphold the principles of justice, equality, and the defense of the oppressed.
Legacy:
The war of Karbala is a pivotal event in Shia Islam and is commemorated annually during the month of Muharram. Shia Muslims observe a period of mourning, hold religious ceremonies, and processions known as "taziyeh" to remember the sacrifices of Imam Hussein and his companions.
Overall, the war of Karbala symbolizes the struggle for moral and spiritual triumph in the face of injustice and oppression. It holds profound religious and historical significance, shaping the beliefs, practices, and identity of Shia Muslims to this day.