• Senegal (1854): France conquered the Wolof kingdom of Cayor and established the colony of Senegal. This later expanded to include parts of present-day Senegal, Mali, Guinea, and Mauritania.
• Algeria (1830): In 1830, France invaded and colonized Algeria. This led to a prolonged and fierce resistance by the Algerian people.
• Ivory Coast (1893): France gradually established its control over the Ivory Coast during the 1800s, culminating in the establishment of the colony of Ivory Coast in 1893.
• Guinea (1890s): France's colonial expansion in Guinea began in the late 1800s, leading to the establishment of the colony of French Guinea in the 1890s.
• Benin (1890s): France established its control over the kingdom of Dahomey in the late 1800s, founding the colony of Benin in the 1890s.
• Niger (1899): France established the colony of Niger in 1899 after signing treaties with local chiefs.
• Mali (late 1800s): In the late 1800s, France expanded its control over present-day Mali, leading to the establishment of the colony of French Sudan.
• Burkina Faso (1896): France established the colony of Upper Volta (present-day Burkina Faso) in 1896.
• Gabon (1885): France established the French colony of Gabon in 1885 along the African west coast.
• Congo (1880s): In the 1880s, France established French Congo, which later became part of French Equatorial Africa.
These colonies played a crucial role in expanding France's influence and control in Africa, shaping the political and cultural dynamics of the region for decades to come.