1. Supremacy of the Constitution: The Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and all other laws must conform to it.
2. Republican Democracy: Ghana is a republic with a multi-party democratic system. The President is the head of state and is elected by universal adult suffrage for a maximum of two four-year terms.
3. Separation of Powers: The Constitution provides for the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.
4. Legislature: The legislative power is vested in Parliament, which is unicameral (has only one chamber). Parliament is composed of 275 members, of which 294 are elected by universal adult suffrage and 5 are appointed by the President.
5. Executive: The executive power is vested in the President, who is both the head of state and the head of government. The President appoints a cabinet of ministers to assist in the exercise of executive power.
6. Judiciary: The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in Ghana. The Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction.
7. Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms: The Constitution guarantees fundamental human rights and freedoms, including the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion.
8. Independent Commissions: The Constitution establishes several independent commissions, including the Electoral Commission, the National Commission for Civic Education, and the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice, to promote democracy, transparency, and accountability.
9. Decentralization: The Constitution provides for a decentralized system of government, with regional and district assemblies responsible for the development and governance of their respective areas.
10. Amendment Procedure: The Constitution can be amended by a two-thirds majority vote of Parliament and a subsequent referendum.