Shifting Power Dynamics: As both Egypt and Nubia went through internal political changes and power shifts, their relative strengths and interests could change over time. This influenced the balance of power between them and could lead to conflicts or diplomatic shifts.
Control of Resources: Both Egypt and Nubia were located along the Nile River, which was a vital source of water, fertile land, and trade routes. Competition over the control of these resources, such as gold mines or agricultural lands, could lead to conflicts.
Cultural Differences: Egyptians and Nubians had distinct cultures, religions, and political systems. As their interactions increased over time, these differences could become a source of tension, especially when it came to religious practices, governance, or territorial claims.
Territorial Expansion and Conflict: At various points in history, both Egypt and Nubia attempted to expand their territories, sometimes leading to conflicts over land and resources. In particular, the New Kingdom period of Egypt saw several military campaigns against Nubia.
Trade and Diplomacy: While trade and diplomacy played an important role in their relationship, the breakdown of trade agreements or diplomatic ties could lead to strained relations. Changes in trade routes or the rise of new trading partners could also affect their interactions.
Political Alliances and Rivalries: Egypt and Nubia were also influenced by external factors such as alliances with other powers or regional rivalries. Shifts in these alliances could impact their relationship, leading to periods of cooperation or conflict.
In summary, the peaceful relationship between Egyptians and Nubians changed over time due to various factors, including shifting power dynamics, control of resources, cultural differences, territorial expansion, trade disruptions, and political alliances. These factors contributed to the ebb and flow of peaceful and conflictual periods between the two civilizations.