She was a natural born soldier. She fought better and more eagerly than her colleagues. Despite her obvious heroism, she was refused a Virtuti Militari Cross. She had to wait nine years for this - and finally she was awarded the order ... by the grace of the partitioner. Joanna Żubr, née Pasławs
In Poland, this outstanding, world-famous intellectual does not have the best press. Although she died before the Bolsheviks became entrenched in power, last year she fell victim to the decommunization law:a plaque commemorating her was chained. Why do Poles dislike her - and is it really right?
When the Warsaw Uprising broke out, Wanda Traczyk was only seventeen years old. But she had no doubts that she wanted to participate - and with a gun in hand! How did she convince her commanders to include her in the ranks of the combatants, and how did she handle killing people? [As told by Wan
Passive, nice additions to strong, brave and endowed with absolute power kings? Not at all! Medieval rulers did not give a damn and when they could, they marked their presence in a world dominated by men. And not only them ... Despite discrimination against women in Germanic law, they neverthele
For many years it was believed that she died during the Uprising. It didnt have much of a romantic legend, because shortly before her death she fell in love with a German and such women were not forgiven. Is that why she decided to fake her death? Ina Benita - a woman who chose such an original
In 1944 Hanka was in the second grade of junior high school. Despite her young age, she joined a sanitary facility in Mokotów. Years later, she talks about her experiences and confesses when she felt fear for the first time. How did she deal with the nightmare of war? [Tells Hanna Stadnik, pseudon
They helped construct bombs, organized bombings, managed weapon warehouses. And at the same time:they demanded equality in every area of life. According to the researchers, Polish feminism began with them. “Encourage your sister to your brothers fight, let him be brave. That he would take the
She was the highest among all Polish women. After her, no other woman of this era held a position in the government. However, her career only lasted a few days. Who was Irena Kosmowska and what did she manage to achieve? Irena Kosmowska was not afraid to be a heretic. A well-educated girl from a
Women are the weak sex? Forget it! In our history, there is no shortage of women whose incredible strength and bravery would put many men to shame. These Polish women, when it came down to it, rolled up their sleeves and, in spite of the whole (male-dominated) world, showed who was in charge! As
When Maria Teresa came to power, everything was against her. But she did not give up, defeated her opponents and built a powerful empire. Emperor Charles VI chose a fateful moment to die. Sitting on a slightly shaky throne, not only did he have no male heir, but he was also threatened by enemies f
Decorated with the Cross of Valor for sacrifice and courage during the Nazi occupation, after the war with equal dedication ... denounced her colleagues from the Home Army. It was thanks to her that the security officers caught the 17-year-old Inka. Why did Regina Mordas-Żylińska go over to the enem
It is said that the work of cryptologists shortened World War II by up to two years and saved thousands of lives. Army and naval radio intelligence was reportedly one of the best of its kind in American history. But why dont we remember that he mostly employed women? About 11,000 women in Americ
In 1939, they were just entering adulthood. Unfortunately, World War II did not give anyone any concessions. They fought in the conspiracy, but at some point they started to crumble. They denounced their colleagues from the underground, condemning them to death. Can their actions be justified? The
She was supposed to lead a life like a fairy tale, but she could not find herself in the roles of wife and mother. Hated by her mother-in-law, cheated on by her husband, obsessed with beauty, she plunged into depression and anorexia. Sisis real story has little to do with a romantic myth ... How unh
Indecent, immoral, outrageous and lascivious, obscene - sounds like a review of Fifty Shades of Gray? Nothing could be more wrong! The film Ecstasy deserved such opinions in 1933. Why? Because for the first time in the history of cinematography, it shows nudity and female orgasm on the screen ...
There are almost as many lists of the most beautiful women of the 19th century as there are ladies on them. This title was generously awarded to actresses, dancers and noblewomen. Usually, however, it was an illusory ennoblement, and the distinguished beauties were treated as objects. Here are three
Mary Magdalene is one of the most interesting and at the same time the most misunderstood characters in the Bible. Known in tradition as the converted harlot, she nevertheless became the most faithful disciple of Jesus. Was she the wife of Jesus? A layer of scandal surrounds this. The Scriptures say
The spy must be prepared for the punishment of being caught with death, often preceded by torture. These agents captured by the Nazis also gave their lives for the cause - only that in their case the torturers decided to organize an execution ... straight from the Middle Ages. Almost immediately
In 1920 a girl appeared in Berlin claiming to be the miraculously surviving daughter of Tsar Nicholas II. She allegedly survived the execution and made it from Russia to Germany. The alleged princess had as many supporters as opponents. But was there any truth to her story? The fate that befell
At first glance, the chances of this woman remaining at large were slim:she was sent to a labor camp at the beginning of World War II. How did she avoid the worst? You will find out in the book The Nazis Wife, which is an award in our competition. In todays competition, we have three copies of E
He strengthened the tarnished royal power, thanks to clever reforms he managed to fill the deserted treasury and secure the borders of the state under attack from everywhere. Yet his merits - and even himself - are seldom mentioned. Why? Jan Olbrachts younger brother, Aleksander Jagiellończyk, w
Among the many works of art evoking the nativity, there is one of a reality and a moving simplicity:The New Born by Georges de La Tour. It was the first real baby in the History of Painting that amateurs could compare to the child Jesus in the arms of his mother Mary. If this painting is famous, we
The mystery of breaking the Enigma code raises emotions to this day. To defeat the German cryptologists, the British, French and Poles worked together. When it turned out that there was a breakthrough on the Vistula River, one of the British started accusing us of cheating! In the face of the wa
Since the beginning of time, we have wondered what is in Water. The seas, as we know, are full of mysteries, but so is the fresh water around us. Rivers, lakes and swamps have many secrets of their own - or so the mythologies of the world say. There are freshwater creatures mentioned in just about e