1. Traditional Gender Roles:
- Gender roles were strictly defined. Men were expected to be the breadwinners and protectors of the family, while women were responsible for domestic duties, childrearing, and moral guidance.
2. Extended Family:
- Extended families, including grandparents and other relatives, often lived together under one roof. This was particularly true in rural areas.
3. Marriage and Divorce:
- Marriage was widely viewed as a lifelong commitment. Divorce was rare and socially stigmatized.
4. Childrearing:
- Children were expected to be obedient and respectful towards their parents and elders. Physical discipline was commonly used as a means of punishment.
5. Education:
- Education was not as widespread as it is today. While elementary education was becoming more accessible, secondary education and higher education were reserved for a select few.
6. Work and Labor:
- In rural areas, families engaged in farming and other agricultural activities. In urban settings, many families relied on manual labor or factory work for their livelihood.
7. Social Classes and Gender Inequalities:
- Social classes and gender inequalities shaped family life. Wealthy families had access to better healthcare, education, and resources, while lower-income families faced numerous hardships. Women, regardless of their social class, often had limited rights and opportunities.
8. Home Life:
- Homes were often crowded, with multiple generations living in the same space. Domestic chores were laborious, as most families did not have access to modern appliances.
9. Morality and Religion:
- Religious values and moral codes played a significant role in shaping family life. Religious institutions provided a framework for social conduct and community engagement.
10. Impact of World War I:
- The outbreak of World War I in 1914 had a profound impact on family life. Many families faced the loss of loved ones, economic hardships, and social upheaval, as millions of men went to war.
It is important to note that these generalizations may not apply to every family in 1914. Family life varied across different cultures, social classes, and geographic regions.