During World War II, women stepped into many roles that had previously been reserved for men. They worked in traditionally male-dominated industries such as manufacturing and construction, and in the armed forces. In the United States, the percentage of women in the workforce rose from 27% in 1940 to 37% in 1945.
After the war, many women continued to work in these traditionally male-dominated fields. This marked a significant departure from the pre-war era, when women were more likely to be employed in low-paying, female-dominated occupations.
Expansion of Educational Opportunities
World War II also led to an increase in educational opportunities for women. In 1944, the G.I. Bill of Rights was passed, which provided educational benefits for veterans. These benefits could also be used by women, and many took advantage of them to further their education.
In the years following the war, the number of women in college increased dramatically. Between 1940 and 1950, the percentage of young women enrolled in college nearly doubled, rising from 22% to 43%.
Greater Social and Political Independence
World War II also brought about changes in the social and political status of women. Women demonstrated independence and capabilities not considered by society. They gained more autonomy as they managed family responsibilities and contributing to the economy.
During the war, many women held positions of power and responsibility. They were involved in decision-making and even combat, roles traditionally reserved for men. After the war, these experiences led many women to become more assertive and to push for greater social and political equality.
In the years following the war, women won several important victories in their struggle for equality. In 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirmed that women and men have equal rights. In 1972, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the U.S. Constitution was passed by Congress, although it did not ultimately gain enough support to be ratified. Nevertheless, women continued to make strides in achieving equality.
The post-World War II era was a time of significant change for women, as they made important gains in the workplace, in education, and in social and political life. These changes laid the foundation for the continued progress that women have made in the decades since.