Historical story

Why was the middle passage called brutal?

The middle passage was called brutal due to the horrific conditions slaves endured during the transatlantic slave trade. Overcrowded, unsanitary slave ships, packed with hundreds of African captives, transported them across the ocean in appalling conditions. Chains, diseases, insufficient food and water, and oppressive heat created a high mortality rate. Survivors arrived at the Americas in terrible physical and psychological states, having endured unimaginable suffering during the journey.