Korean War: The Korean War was in its second year. After a stalemate on the front lines, armistice negotiations began in July. The war ended on July 27 with the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement.
Cold War Tensions: The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union continued to escalate. The first hydrogen bomb was tested by the United States in November, raising fears of a nuclear conflict.
Space Race Begins: The Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth, on October 4, sparking the beginning of the Space Race between the US and the USSR.
Death of King George VI: King George VI of the United Kingdom died on February 6, and his daughter Elizabeth II ascended to the throne.
Establishment of the CIA: The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was established as an independent agency of the United States government.
First Commercial Color TV Broadcast: The first commercial color TV broadcast in the United States was made by CBS on June 25.
United Nations Human Rights Covenant: The United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and began drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Rosenbergs Convicted of Spying: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were found guilty of spying for the Soviet Union and were sentenced to death.
First National Book Awards: The first National Book Awards were presented in the United States.
First Miss Universe Pageant: The first Miss Universe pageant was held in Long Beach, California.