Positive impacts:
Increased Public Awareness: The strikes brought the plight of workers to the attention of the general public. These strikes highlighted the harsh working conditions, low wages, and unfair treatment that many workers endured, generating sympathy and generating public support for labor rights and reforms.
Unionization and Organization: These strikes sparked the growth of labor unions as workers realized the importance of collective bargaining and organization. Unions like the American Federation of Labor (AFL), led by Samuel Gompers, grew in size and influence during this time, providing a platform for workers to negotiate better terms with employers.
Labor Reform Legislation: The strikes pushed the federal government to take action to improve workers' rights and safety. Important pieces of legislation, including the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Act, were passed to protect workers from the excesses of big business and give unions more rights. Child labor laws were also enacted during this time, limiting the exploitation of young workers.
Negative impacts:
Violent Crackdowns: The strikes frequently faced violent opposition from both the government and powerful business interests. Authorities and private security forces used force to disperse strikers, resulting in bloodshed and arrests. The Homestead Strike and the Pullman Strike are notable examples of harsh suppression by law enforcement and business owners.
Limited Immediate Gains: Despite their efforts and sacrifices, the strikes of the 1880s and 1890s did not result in immediate significant improvements in working conditions or wages for most workers. Employers largely resisted union demands, leading to prolonged disputes and frustration among workers.
Internal Divisions: The labor movement faced internal divisions and conflicts during this period. Different unions had different priorities and tactics, and competition for membership and influence weakened their collective power. These divisions made it difficult to achieve united and effective action.
Nonetheless, the strikes of the 1880s and 1890s were crucial turning points in the history of the labor movement. While immediate success may have been limited, these strikes laid the foundation for future reforms, increased public support for labor rights, and strengthened the labor movement's resolve, all of which contributed to significant advancements for workers' rights in the 20th century and beyond.