2. Saladin encountered military challenges when he first faced the Crusaders. The Europeans had significant military advantages, including their heavy cavalry, superior armor, and military organization. However, Saladin overcame these obstacles by adopting new tactics and strategies. He focused on mobility, flexibility, and hit-and-run warfare to undermine the Crusaders' strength.
3. Saladin also dealt with political intrigues and internal conflicts within his own realm. Rivalries among Muslim leaders, struggles for power, and the complexities of managing a diverse empire presented additional challenges. Despite these obstacles, Saladin maintained his authority, built alliances, and managed to maintain internal cohesion during his reign.
4. Siege warfare was a prominent feature of Saladin's campaigns, both in capturing Christian-held cities and in defending his territories. He employed sophisticated engineering techniques and siege tactics to overcome fortifications, including the use of siege engines and sapper units. Saladin also had to endure protracted sieges, demonstrating his perseverance and resilience in the face of adversity.