1. Sepsis: One of the most widely accepted theories is that Tutankhamun died from sepsis resulting from a broken leg. The discovery of his mummy revealed a fractured left thigh bone, and evidence of subsequent infection supports this theory. The young pharaoh may have been weakened by other health conditions, making him more susceptible to the infection.
2. Malaria: Another theory suggests that Tutankhamun died from malaria, a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Researchers found traces of malarial parasites in his mummy, indicating he might have been infected. However, it is unclear if malaria alone caused his death, or if it contributed to his weakened state and increased vulnerability to other health issues.
3. Sickle Cell Anemia: Genetic studies have suggested Tutankhamun may have suffered from sickle cell anemia, a hereditary condition that affects red blood cells, leading to anemia, pain crises, and other complications. If he had this condition, it could have contributed to his death, especially if exacerbated by other health problems.
4. Head Injury: Some scholars have proposed that Tutankhamun's death could have been the result of a head injury. CT scans of his skull revealed a depressed fracture, which might have been caused by a blow or fall. However, it is unclear if this injury was sustained before or after his death.
5. Multiple Factors: It is possible that Tutankhamun's death was the result of a combination of factors rather than a single cause. His young age, weakened immune system, and exposure to various diseases and injuries may have contributed to his demise.
It's important to note that due to the limited historical documentation and the passage of time, it may be challenging to determine with certainty the exact cause of Tutankhamun's death. While the hypotheses mentioned above offer possible explanations, the mystery surrounding his demise remains a topic of ongoing research and debate among experts.