Chamberlain was born in Birmingham, England, in 1869. He was the son of Joseph Chamberlain, a prominent politician who served as Mayor of Birmingham and Colonial Secretary in the British government. Chamberlain was educated at Rugby School and Cambridge University, where he studied modern languages.
After graduating from university, Chamberlain worked in the family business, Chamberlain Brothers, which produced metal products. He also became involved in local politics, serving as a member of the Birmingham City Council from 1892 to 1915.
In 1915, Chamberlain entered national politics when he was elected to the House of Commons. He served in a number of government positions, including Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1923 to 1924 and Minister of Health from 1924 to 1929.
Chamberlain became Prime Minister in 1937, succeeding Stanley Baldwin. His premiership was dominated by the growing threat of Nazi Germany. Chamberlain pursued a policy of appeasement, hoping to avoid war by making concessions to Germany. This policy culminated in the Munich Agreement of 1938, in which Britain and France agreed to Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
The Munich Agreement was widely criticized, and Chamberlain was accused of ضعف (weakness). However, he defended his policy, arguing that it had bought time for Britain to prepare for war.
In 1939, Germany invaded Poland, and Britain and France declared war on Germany. Chamberlain continued to serve as Prime Minister until 1940, when he resigned over his handling of the war. He was succeeded by Winston Churchill.
Chamberlain died in 1940. He is a controversial figure in British history, and his legacy continues to be debated.