Rifles:
- Bolt-action rifles: These were the most common type of rifle used during the war. They were characterized by a rotating bolt that locked the barrel when fired. Examples include the British Lee-Enfield, German Mauser Gewehr 98, and Russian Mosin-Nagant.
- Semi-automatic rifles: These rifles could fire multiple rounds with a single pull of the trigger. They were not as common as bolt-action rifles, but were used to great effect by the United States Army with the M1903 Springfield rifle.
Machine guns:
- Heavy machine guns: These were large, crew-served weapons that were capable of firing hundreds of rounds per minute. They were typically mounted on tripods or vehicles. Examples include the German MG 08, British Vickers machine gun, and French Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun.
- Light machine guns: These were smaller and more portable than heavy machine guns, and were designed to be carried and fired by a single soldier. Examples include the British Lewis Gun, German MG 08/15, and French Chauchat machine gun.
Pistols:
- Semi-automatic pistols: These pistols could fire multiple rounds with a single pull of the trigger. They were often used by officers and as backup weapons. Examples include the German Luger P08, British Webley Mk VI, and American Colt M1911.
- Revolvers: These pistols had a revolving cylinder that held multiple rounds. They were commonly used by cavalry units and as self-defense weapons. Examples include the British Webley Mk VI revolver and American Colt Single Action Army revolver.
Grenades:
- Hand grenades: These were small, explosive devices that were thrown by hand. They were used to clear trenches and dugouts, and to provide cover fire. Examples include the German Stielhandgranate, British Mills bomb, and French F1 grenade.
- Rifle grenades: These were grenades that were launched from the muzzle of a rifle. They were used to attack enemy positions at a greater range than hand grenades. Examples include the British No. 1 rifle grenade and German Gewehrgranatgerät M16 rifle grenade.
These are just a few examples of the many types of guns used during World War I. The war saw the development and widespread use of new and more powerful firearms, which had a significant impact on the conduct of warfare.