-Militarism: The major European powers had been engaged in an arms race for decades, building up their military forces and stockpiling weapons. This created a climate of fear and suspicion among the countries involved.
-Imperialism: The European powers were competing for control of colonies and resources in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This competition led to tensions and conflicts between the countries involved.
-Nationalism: The rise of nationalism in Europe led to a sense of pride and loyalty to one's country. This often led to feelings of superiority over other countries and made it difficult for countries to compromise and resolve conflicts peacefully.
-The Alliance System: The European powers were divided into two main alliances, the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Great Britain). These alliances made it difficult for countries to remain neutral in conflicts, as they were often obligated to support their allies.