Naval Disarmament: The convention was primarily focused on naval disarmament in the Great Lakes. Both the United States and Britain agreed to limit their naval presence on the lakes. They consented to maintain only four vessels each, each no larger than 100 tons, and armed with one cannon. This provision aimed to prevent an arms race and potential conflict on the waterways.
Boundary Disputes: The convention also addressed boundary disputes along the 49th parallel between the United States and Canada (then British North America). The 49th parallel had been established as the boundary in the Treaty of Paris (1783), but there were ambiguities and disagreements about its precise location. The Convention of 1818 aimed to clarify and resolve these uncertainties.
Disputed Islands: One specific area of contention was the possession of several islands in the St. Lawrence River, including Grand Island, Wells Island, and Isle au Haut. The convention designated these islands as British territory, settling a long-standing dispute between the two nations.
Fishing Rights: Another essential aspect of the convention was the recognition of reciprocal fishing rights for American and British subjects in the waters and harbors along the 49th parallel. This provision provided fishermen from both countries with equal access to fishing grounds and resources in areas where the boundary might not be precisely defined.
Joint Occupation: The convention also reaffirmed the joint occupation of the Oregon Country, which was the vast territory west of the Rocky Mountains and north of the 49th parallel. Both the United States and Great Britain agreed to maintain a joint claim to the region until it could be amicably settled.
Economic Impact: The Rush-Bagot Agreement had significant economic implications for both countries. By reducing the possibility of conflict and maintaining a peaceful border, it encouraged trade, commerce, and economic development in the Great Lakes region and beyond.
In conclusion, the Convention of 1818 successfully addressed and resolved several crucial issues affecting the relationship between the United States and Great Britain. It contributed to peace and stability in the Great Lakes region, clarified boundary disputes, and established a foundation for future cooperation between the two countries. The spirit of compromise and mutual understanding embodied in the convention continues to shape relations between the United States and Canada to this day.