* Political sovereignty: Borders define the territory over which a state has sovereignty. This includes control over land, air, and maritime space. Without borders, it would be difficult for states to exercise their sovereign rights and protect their citizens.
* Economic security: Borders play a key role in regulating trade and commerce. Tariffs and other trade restrictions can be used to protect domestic industries and agriculture. Borders also help to prevent the spread of illegal goods and contraband.
* Public health: Borders are an important tool for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Quarantine restrictions can be imposed on passengers and goods entering a country from a disease-affected area.
* National security: Borders provide a physical barrier that can be used to defend a country from invasion and attack. Border security forces can also be deployed to deter illegal entry and detect potential threats.
* Cultural identity: Borders often reflect the cultural and linguistic heritage of the people who live within them. Different language families or cultural traditions are commonly divided by international borders. They can also help to promote a sense of national identity and belonging.
Of course, borders can also be a source of conflict and tension. Disputes over the location of borders or the movement of people and goods across them can sometimes lead to war. However, as the above benefits suggest, borders can also play a positive role in international relations by helping to maintain peace and order.