Religious Differences: Charles I adhered to the Arminian theological interpretation of the Church of England, which some members of Parliament considered too close to Catholicism. They feared that Charles' religious policies favored Catholics and threatened Protestant principles in England.
Personal Rule: Charles believed in the divine right of kings and advocated for absolute monarchy, asserting his authority over Parliament. This clashed with the aspirations of many Parliamentarians who sought greater representation and control in the governance of the country.
Financial Issues: Charles imposed various taxes without Parliament's consent, which violated long-standing constitutional principles. He also used forced loans and other financial measures that Parliament considered oppressive and arbitrary.
Arbitrary Imprisonment: Charles frequently used the legal institution of "ship money" to collect unauthorized taxes and imprisoned individuals who challenged his authority. This arbitrary use of power and violation of individual rights further alienated Parliament.
Attempts to Silence Opposition: Charles attempted to limit freedom of speech and debate in Parliament, suppressing criticism and dissent. He also dismissed and dissolved parliaments that opposed his policies, angering many members who felt their voices were being suppressed.
Excessive Royal Spending: Parliament was concerned about the extravagant lifestyle of Charles and his court, which contributed to the kingdom's financial difficulties. They believed that the king's excessive spending was draining the treasury and undermining the country's resources.
Growing Political Power of Parliament: As Parliament developed a sense of its own power and authority, it increasingly clashed with the king over control and influence in government. This rivalry and power struggle further strained the relationship between Charles and Parliament.
These grievances, among other issues, led to escalating tensions between Charles I and Parliament, culminating in the English Civil War (1642-1651) and ultimately the king's execution in 1649.