1. Emilio Aguinaldo (January 23, 1899 – April 1, 1901)
- Proclaimed the independence of the Philippines from Spain in 1898.
- Led the Filipino forces during the Philippine-American War.
2. Manuel L. Quezon (November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944)
- The first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
- Established the National Language Institute to promote the use of Filipino as the national language.
- Led the Filipino resistance movement during World War II.
3. Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945)
- The president of the Second Philippine Republic during the Japanese occupation.
- Tried to negotiate with the Japanese for Philippine independence.
- Restored the Commonwealth government after the war.
4. Sergio Osmeña (August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946)
- The last president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
- Led the Filipino delegation to the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco.
- Proclaimed the independence of the Philippines from the United States on July 4, 1946.
5. Manuel Roxas (May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948)
- The first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines.
- Negotiated the Treaty of Manila with the United States, which granted the Philippines independence.
- Rebuilt the country after World War II.
6. Elpidio Quirino (April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953)
- Continued the reconstruction of the country after World War II.
- Signed the Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States, which committed both countries to defend each other in case of war.
- Granted amnesty to political prisoners.
7. Ramon Magsaysay (December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957)
- Known as the "Champion of the Masses" for his pro-poor policies.
- Implemented the Land Reform Program, which redistributed land to tenant farmers.
- Initiated the Community Development Program, which aimed to improve the living conditions of rural communities.
8. Carlos P. Garcia (March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961)
- Proclaimed the Filipino First Policy, which prioritized the interests of Filipinos in the economy.
- Established the Philippine Veterans Administration to provide assistance to veterans of World War II and other conflicts.
- Hosted the first Miss Universe pageant in the Philippines in 1960.
9. Diosdado Macapagal (December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965)
- Signed the Agricultural Land Reform Code, which further expanded the Land Reform Program.
- Changed the country's independence day celebration from July 4 to June 12, the date when Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Philippines from Spain in 1898.
- Initiated the "Filipino First" policy, which aimed to promote the use of Filipino language and culture.
10. Ferdinand Marcos (December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986)
- The longest-serving president of the Philippines, ruling for more than 20 years.
- Initiated the Green Revolution, which aimed to increase agricultural production.
- Built several infrastructure projects, including the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the Philippine International Convention Center, and the San Juanico Bridge.
- Declared martial law in 1972, which led to widespread human rights abuses.
11. Corazon Aquino (February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992)
- The first female president of the Philippines.
- Led the People Power Revolution that ousted Ferdinand Marcos from power.
- Restored democracy in the Philippines and promulgated a new constitution.
- Implemented the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), which aimed to redistribute land to tenant farmers.
12. Fidel V. Ramos (June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998)
- A former general who served as the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
- Continued the economic reforms of Corazon Aquino.
- Signed the peace agreement with the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), ending a decades-long conflict.
- Hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in the Philippines in 1996.
13. Joseph Estrada (June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001)
- A former actor and politician who campaigned on a platform of eradicating poverty and corruption.
- Initiated the "Estrada Presidency" program, which aimed to uplift the lives of the poor.
- Impeached by Congress for corruption but was acquitted by the Senate.
- Ousted from power by the People Power Revolution II.
14. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010)
- The second female president of the Philippines.
- Assumed the presidency after the ouster of Joseph Estrada.
- Faced several challenges, including the impeachment trial, the Oakwood mutiny, and the Hello Garci scandal.
- Signed the Republic Act 9160, also known as the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001.
- Oversaw the passage of the Human Security Act of 2007.