Richard III's reign was short and turbulent, lasting just over two years from 1483 to 1485. However, during that time, he managed to make a number of significant changes to the government.
Royal Titles
Richard III had a number of royal titles, including King of England and Lord of Ireland. He also claimed the titles of King of France and Duke of Normandy, although these were not recognised by the French.
The Council
Richard III relied heavily on the advice of his council, which was made up of senior nobles and churchmen. The council played an important role in the government, and it was often consulted on major decisions.
Parliament
Richard III held two parliaments during his reign. The first parliament, held in January 1484, was used to confirm Richard's claim to the throne and to pass a number of laws. The second parliament, held in October 1484, was used to raise taxes and to pass a number of additional laws.
Law and Order
Richard III was a strong believer in the rule of law, and he took a number of steps to ensure that justice was served. He appointed new judges and ordered them to enforce the law impartially. He also established a new court, the Court of Star Chamber, which was used to deal with cases involving high-ranking officials.
Finance
Richard III faced a number of financial challenges during his reign. The economy was in a state of decline, and the king was forced to borrow money to pay for the war against the Lancastrians. He also raised taxes, but this proved to be unpopular with the people.
Foreign Policy
Richard III's foreign policy was largely focused on the war against the Lancastrians. He also attempted to improve relations with Scotland, but was unsuccessful in this.
Overall, Richard III was a strong and effective ruler, who made a number of significant changes to the government. His reign was short, but he left a lasting legacy on the history of England.