Martin Luther's writing of ninety-five theses were the initiating points of what would become the Lutheran reformation and ultimately Protestant reformation, which marked a religious and cultural upheaval that reshaped the religious and political landscape of Europe and beyond.
2- Condemnation by Catholic church
Shortly after writing ninety-five theses, Martin Luther was summoned by the church hierarchy in Rome to defend his ideas. he refused, and in 1521 he was excommunicated, meaning that he was officially expelled from the Catholic Church and his teachings were declared heretical.
3- Political tensions and wars
Luther's ideas found many followers, and various regions within the Holy Roman Empire began to adopt Protestant faiths. These disagreements over religion created significant political tensions and contributed to the outbreak of religious conflicts, such as the Schmalkaldic wars in the 16th century.
4- Creation of new religious denominations
The ninety - five theses also led to creation of new religious denominations. Lutheranism, based on Luther's teaching became one of the major branches of Christianity alongside Roman Catholicism. Other protestant denominations, such as Calvinism, Anabaptism, and Anglicanism, also emerged during the reformation period.
5- Long - term cultural impact
The Protestant reformation had a profound and lasting impact on western culture. It brought about changes in religious practices, education, art and literature. The emphasis on individual interpretation of the bible and direct relationship with God also contributed to the rise of individualism and the development of modern democratic and secular societies.