- Economic competition: Many indentured servants, upon finishing their term of service, aimed to gain their freedom and pursue their aspirations. By using the skills and knowledge acquired during their service, some successfully established themselves as independent producers and traders. Their economic advancements allowed some individuals to accumulate wealth, challenging the economic dominance of the colonial elite, composed of wealthy landowners and merchants. This situation instilled fear among the elite that their status and economic power might be compromised.
- Political aspirations: As their living conditions improved, former indentured servants began advocating for political rights and recognition. They aspired to participate in decision-making processes and be represented in colonial assemblies and councils. However, the colonial elite perceived these aspirations as a disruption of the established power structures. To maintain control, the elite worked to restrict political participation and preserve the existing power dynamics.
- Increasing Numbers: The continuous arrival of indentured servants to the Chesapeake region led to a significant rise in their numbers. This demographic growth further compounded the elite's concerns, especially when former servants began to form groups and communities that showed solidarity and displayed willingness to resist oppressive policies.
Overall, the threat posed by former indentured servants to the colonial elite in the Chesapeake centered around economic and political competition, along with their growing numbers and their display of unity in the face of oppression.