1. Causation: The study of how and why events happen.
2. Context: The time, place, and circumstances in which events occur.
3. Change: The examination of how and why things change over time.
4. Continuity: The study of how and why things stay the same over time.
5. Periodization: The division of history into distinct time periods.
6. Perspective: The study of how and why different people interpret history differently.