Exercises on the Roman Empire

(FGV/2016) Since the crisis of the Roman world of the 3rd century can be found to be the beginning of the profound disturbance that the medieval West would emerge from, it is legitimate to consider the barbaric invasions of the 5th century as the event that precipitates the transformations, that gives them a catastrophic aspect and that profoundly changes their appearance.

LE GOFF, J. Civilization of the Medieval West . trans. Lisbon:Estampa, 1983. v. 1, p. 29.

The crisis of the Roman world and the transition to the Middle Ages

a) resulted from the strengthening of Christianity, which, from the 3rd century onwards, became the official religion of the Roman Empire.

b) had, among their characteristics, the decrease in the entrance of slave labor and the process of social ruralization.

c) were marked by natural catastrophes and plague and leprosy epidemics that spurred displacement to cities.

d) led to the strengthening of Roman public institutions and the development of mercantile activities in the Mediterranean.

e) were particularly catastrophic in the eastern part of the Roman world, due to their geographical proximity to the Germanic peoples.

(UEL/2018) During the 2nd century, the Roman Empire reached its maximum territorial extension, dominating almost all of present-day Europe, North Africa and parts of the Middle East. At the end of the fourth century, however, this unity would begin to be broken with the division of the empire into two parts:the western one, with the capital in Rome, and the eastern one, with the capital in Byzantium. In the 4th and 5th centuries, territorial fragmentation deepened even further and the Western Roman Empire eventually disappeared to make way for several Germanic kingdoms.

As ​​for the breakup and fall of the Western Roman Empire, mark the correct alternative:

a) The rural exodus caused by the attacks of the Germanic peoples resulted in a disorderly growth of cities, creating instability and political disorder in urban centers and forcing the abdication of the last Roman emperor.

b) The paganism introduced into the Roman Empire by the Germanic tribes weakened Christianity and caused the division between Catholic and Orthodox Christians, ending the Church's support for the emperor and, consequently, causing the collapse of the empire.

c) The official language of the Roman Empire, Latin, when merging with the languages ​​spoken by the invaders, gave rise to the Germanic languages, making it difficult to administer the territories that became more and more autonomous until separating from Rome.

d) The dispute between the Roman patricians and the plebs for fertile lands facilitated the invasion of the empire by the "barbarian peoples", as the Roman army was forced to leave the borders unguarded to defend the landowners of the constant rebellions.

e) With the end of territorial conquests, slavery and production went into decline, this added to the barbarian invasions and the rise of Christianity, which accelerated the fragmentation and fall of Rome.

The first two and a half centuries of the Roman Empire were organized by historians into four dynasties. With the end of these dynasties, it is considered the beginning of the crisis of the third century, which ended the Roman Empire in western Europe. Among the Roman dynasties, select the FALSE alternative:

a) Severe

b) Flaviana

c) Merovingian

d) Nerva-Antonina

e) Júlio-Claudian

During the Roman Empire, one of the most successful emperors in Roman history was Octavius, who ruled from 27 BC. to 14 A.D. During his rule, the Senate maintained privileges, public works were spread across Roman territory, troops were stationed in strategic locations, and the allegiance of the provinces was guaranteed. This was a period known for its relative peace and prosperity, called:

a) Res Gestae

b) Pax Romana

c) Mare Nostrum

d) Comitatus

e) None of the alternatives

(Excellence Institute – adapted) We know that the Germanic kingdoms were formed from the collapse of the Roman Empire, which, unable to maintain control over its lands, suffered numerous invasions. The last Roman Emperor was deposed in 476 by the Heruli, and from then on, the possessions of the Roman Empire in Western Europe were gradually occupied by the Germanic peoples.

List the columns for some of these occupations in Western Europe:

1) Francs

2) Burgundians

3) Anglo-Saxons

4) Swabians

5) Visigoths

( ) settled in southern France, but were absorbed by the Franks in the 6th century.

( ) settled west of the Iberian Peninsula, but were absorbed by the Visigoths later.

( ) led by Clovis, they settled in Gaul and formed one of the largest Germanic kingdoms.

( ) settled in the Iberian Peninsula, but were prevented by the Franks from expanding into Gaul.

( ) settled in Brittany (now the United Kingdom).

Check the alternative that presents the CORRECT sequence:

a) 3-4-5-2-1

b) 4-3-1-5-2

c) 2-4-1-5-3

d) 1-2-4-3-5

e) None of the alternatives

(Learn – adapted) The period known as the Pax Romana was marked by a series of accomplishments that spanned over 200 years. These are characteristics of this period, except:

a) It was inaugurated by Emperor Octavius ​​Augustus, who promoted a series of reforms of great social impact.

b) The main cities of the empire were modernized with roads, theaters, public buildings, aqueducts and fountains.

c) Territorial expansion by annexing peoples who were converted into Roman citizens, which decreased the use of slavery.

d) Economic growth and trade expansion, with the standardization of a single currency for the entire empire.

e) Positioning Roman troops in strategic locations, such as the borders of the empire.

Religion that emerged in a marginal region of the Roman Empire and was eventually recognized as official of the empire in the 4th century AD

a) Islam

b) Christianity

c) Paganism

d) Buddhism

e) Zoroastrianism

Which of the following peoples is not considered Germanic and therefore unrelated to the Germanic invasions that contributed to the end of the Western Roman Empire:

a) Carthaginians

b) alamanians

c) heruli

d) Ostrogoths

e) vandals

One ​​of the best-known defeats in Roman history took place in AD 9, when three Roman legions were destroyed by Germanic warriors. This battle became known as:

a) Battle of Actium

b) Battle of Philippi

c) Battle of Margo

d) Battle of Teutoburg Forest

e) Battle of Adrianople

The decay of the western portion of the Roman Empire contributed to the establishment of a new capital in the empire. This city was:

a) Capua

b) Raven

c) Constantinople

d) Alexandria

e) Antioch

Which of the alternatives below corresponds to an emperor who did not rule Rome in the imperial phase:

a) Caligula

b) Tiberius

c) Mark Antony

d) Otávio Augusto

e) Tarquinius the Superb

Emperor known as allegedly responsible for setting fire to Rome:

a) Caligula

b) Caracalla

c) Vespasian

d) Nero

e) Alexandre Severo

LETTER B

One ​​of the direct factors that led to the crisis of the Western Roman Empire was the decrease in the entrance of slave labor in Roman lands. The slave crisis directly affected the Roman economy, putting the empire in a delicate situation. After the Roman Empire disappeared in the West, one of the most evident transformations was the emptying of cities and the ruralization of Europe.

LETTER E

The crisis of the Roman Empire was caused by a series of factors, and those mentioned in this alternative corroborate the view of historians. Thus, one of the starting points of this crisis was the crisis of the slave system, which, consequently, affected the Roman economy. The rise of Christianity and the arrival of the Germanic peoples were events that took advantage of the Roman weakening, also directly contributing to the end of the empire.

LETER C

Among the alternatives mentioned, the only one that was not a Roman dynasty was Merovingia. This was a Frankish dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of the Franks between the 6th century, when the Frankish tribes unified into a kingdom, and the 8th century, when the Carolingians took over Frankish power. The mentioned Roman dynasties existed from the 1st century BC. to the 3rd century AD

LETER B

The Pax Romana, or Roman Peace, is the name given to the period of relative peace and prosperity that began in the Roman Empire during the reign of Octavius ​​Augustus (27 BC-14 AD) . This peace was achieved through a series of actions carried out by the empire, such as the realization of public works, the placement of troops in strategic locations, the Romanization of conquered and annexed provinces, etc. This period of peace and prosperity lasted until the end of the 2nd century A.D.

LETTER C

In this question, the correct order is 2-4-1-5-3, since the Burgundians were assimilated by the Franks; the Suevi were assimilated by the Visigoths; the Franks were led by Clovis and formed one of the largest Germanic kingdoms; the Visigoths settled in the Iberian peninsula; and the Anglo-Saxons settled on the island of Brittany.

LETER C

The decrease in the number of slaves in the Roman Empire was not a result of the Pax Romana, but the end of the territorial expansion of the empire, as the enslaved were obtained through the expansion wars promoted by the Romans.

LETER B

Christianity emerged as a religious sect within Judaism and was a consequence of the preaching of Jesus Christ in Palestine. He was eventually crucified for claiming to be the king of the Jews, but his message gained strength and won believers in the lands of the Roman Empire. Christians were persecuted, but in the 4th century CE they gained freedom to maintain their creed, and Christianity was made official in the Roman Empire in 380 CE

LETER A

The Carthaginians were not Germanic peoples, but a people derived from the Phoenicians who settled in North Africa, in the territory of present-day Tunisia. The Carthaginians were conquered by the Romans in the 2nd century BC, at the end of the Third Punic War.

LETER D

The Battle of Teutoburg Forest is still seen today as one of the greatest military defeats the Romans suffered in their history. In that battle, Arminius, a Romanized Germanic, betrayed the Romans and led a troop of Germans that decimated three legions of Roman troops and ended the Roman expansion into Germania.

LETER C

The capital of the Roman Empire was transferred to Constantinople by order of Emperor Constantine in 330. The measure was taken to remove the emperor from all Roman political turmoil and also to place the center of Roman power in the most prosperous region of the empire.

LETTER E

Tarquinius the Superb was a monarch who ruled Rome during the monarchical period, being known as the last king of the Roman monarchy. His deposition was a result of a revolt of Latin patricians dissatisfied with Etruscan rule over Rome.

LETER D

The great fire of Rome took place in the year 64 AD, during the reign of Nero. It is estimated that 70% of the city was devastated by the fire. The fame of causing the fire fell on Emperor Nero, but today historians believe that the fire must have been the result of an accident. At the time, Nero used the fire as a justification for a great persecution of Christians.