They helped to create the Zionist movement. The pogroms were one of the main reasons why some Jews began to believe that the only way to achieve safety and security was to create a Jewish state. The Zionist movement eventually led to the foundation of the State of Israel in 1948.
They weakened the Russian Empire. The pogroms damaged Russia's reputation in the West and made it more difficult for the country to attract foreign investment. This contributed to the economic and political problems that faced Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.