- Harry S. Truman: The 33rd President of the United States who made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- Robert Oppenheimer: American theoretical physicist who served as the scientific director of the Manhattan Project, the secret research and development program that produced the atomic bombs.
- Leslie Groves: American Army general who served as the Commanding Officer of the Manhattan Project.
- Isoroku Yamamoto: Japanese Admiral who was Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet during World War II. He argued against attacking Pearl Harbor, but once the decision was made, he developed the plan for the attack.
- Hideki Tojo: Japanese General and politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1941-1944. He was responsible for Japan's decision to go to war with the United States.
- Michio Sugino: Japanese scientist who led the team that constructed the atomic bombs used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- Kenji Arai: Japanese scientist who participated in the construction of the atomic bombs used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He later became an outspoken advocate for nuclear disarmament.
- Tsutomu Yamaguchi: Japanese engineer who was the only known person to survive both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings.
- Sadako Sasaki: Japanese girl who was two years old when she was exposed to radiation from the Hiroshima bombing. She developed leukemia and died in 1955 at the age of 12. She is known as the "Paper Crane Girl" because she made origami paper cranes in the hopes of becoming well again.
- Augusto Hampe: Japanese-born Peruvian businessman who was one of the few foreigners who witnessed the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He wrote about his experiences in the book "Hiroshima Nagasaki".