Spoonerism: A transposition of the initial sounds of two or more words. For example, "You have hissed all my mystery lectures" instead of "You have missed all my history lectures".
Malapropism: An incorrect use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with humorous effect. For example, "She had a bevy of girls around her" instead of "She had a bevy of girls around her".
Oxymoron: A figure of speech that juxtaposes two contradictory terms. For example, "jumbo shrimp" or "bittersweet".
Personification: A figure of speech that gives human qualities to an inanimate object or abstract idea. For example, "The wind whispered through the trees".
Synecdoche: A figure of speech that uses a part of something to represent the whole. For example, "All hands on deck" or "The White House" (referring to the US government).
Metonymy: A figure of speech that uses one thing to represent something else that is closely associated with it. For example, "The crown" (referring to the monarchy) or "The pen is mightier than the sword" (referring to the power of writing).