1. Europe:
- Italy - The Florentine florin, Venetian ducat, and Papal States 'scudo' were some essential coins used in Italy during the Renaissance period.
- Spain - The Spanish real and the ducat were common currencies in Spain during the 16th century.
- France - The French livre tournois was the primary unit of account in France at the time.
- England - The English pound sterling and the shilling were the predominant coins used in England.
2. Asia:
- India - The Mughal Empire, which ruled much of India in the 16th century, issued various gold and silver coins, including the mohur and the rupee.
- China - During the Ming Dynasty, the primary currency was the copper-alloy cash coin, which could be strung together in varying amounts.
3. Africa:
- North Africa - The Maghrebi dinar and the Moroccan dirham were widely used in North African regions during the 1500s.
- West Africa - Gold dust, cowry shells, and the copper manillas were common forms of currency in West Africa.
4. Americas:
- Spanish Colonies - The Spanish peso, introduced by the Spanish conquistadors, was widely circulated throughout the Spanish colonies in the Americas.
- Pre-Columbian Civilizations - Various pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas used diverse forms of currency, including cacao beans, quipu strings (Incan), and wampum (North America).
It's important to note that the actual value and purchasing power of these currencies varied over time and among regions, depending on factors such as inflation, trade, and economic conditions.