1. Justification of Revolution:
The Declaration lays the groundwork for the American Revolution by explaining why breaking away from British rule is necessary. It articulates the idea of "unalienable rights," such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. These rights are said to be inherent and God-given, so any government that ignores or violates them can legitimately be overthrown.
2. Rights of the Colonists:
The colonists' grievances against the British government are listed in the paper. These complaints relate to restrictions on trade, taxation without representation, violations of common legal rights, the presence of British troops in the colonies, and the lack of a say in their own affairs.
3. Consent of the Governed:
The authors maintain that all legal governments are based on the agreement and consent of those who are ruled. The colonists had no input in their governance and were subject to arbitrary decisions and laws imposed by a government they did not elect or control.
4. Declaration of Independence:
The colonies' unanimous determination to declare their independence from British authority is expressed in the Declaration's most well-known phrase: "We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States."
5. Right to Alter or Abolish:
The colonists assert their right to change or abolish a government that does not serve the public good. They say that when a long history of injuries and abuses reveals a government's persistent pattern of abuse, the people have a right to replace it with a new one that will safeguard their security and happiness.
6. Appeal to the World:
The writers finish by asking for the world to approve of their choice to cut ties with Britain and enter a new era of sovereign nationhood. They pledge that the new country will uphold the values of freedom, equality, and the rule of law.