1. Submarine Telegraph Cable: The first transatlantic telegraph cable was successfully laid across the Atlantic Ocean, allowing for communication between Europe and North America.
2. Gatling Gun: Richard Jordan Gatling invented the first practical machine gun, which could fire hundreds of rounds per minute and revolutionized warfare.
3. Internal Combustion Engine: Étienne Lenoir introduced the first successful internal combustion engine powered by coal gas.
4. Bessel's Law: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel formulated Bessel's Law, which describes the mathematical functions used in solving various physical and engineering problems.
5. Color Photography: Thomas Sutton developed a method for taking color photographs using three exposures through red, green, and blue filters.
6. Fire Extinguisher: Alvah Crocker patented a chemical fire extinguisher that used sulfuric acid and sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide and extinguish fires.
7. Pasteurization: Louis Pasteur discovered the process of pasteurization to preserve food and beverages by heating them to a specific temperature to kill harmful bacteria.
8. Aspirin: The acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, was synthesized for the first time by Charles Frédéric Gerhardt.
9. Typewriter: Christopher Latham Sholes invented a practical typewriter that used a ribbon mechanism and was the precursor to modern typewriters.
10. Union Pacific Railroad Completed: The Union Pacific Railroad was completed, linking the East and West coasts of the United States and significantly contributing to the development of the country.