Writing system: The Shang dynasty was the first in China to develop a writing system, known as oracle bone script. Oracle bones are animal bones or turtle shells that were used for divination. The Shang would inscribe questions on the bones or shells and then heat them until they cracked. The cracks were then interpreted as answers to the questions. The oracle bones found at Anyang have provided valuable information about Shang history, religion, and culture.
Urban planning: The Shang dynasty was also the first in China to build large urban centers. The ruins of the Shang capital city at Anyang show that the city was well-planned and had a variety of different structures, including palaces, temples, workshops, and residential areas. The city was also surrounded by a moat and walls.
Social structure: The Shang dynasty was a highly stratified society, with a ruling class of nobles and a large population of commoners. The artifacts found at Anyang provide insights into the different social classes and their roles in Shang society. For example, the bronze vessels and other luxury goods found in the royal tombs indicate that the Shang rulers had a high standard of living.
Religious beliefs: The Shang dynasty was a polytheistic society, and the artifacts found at Anyang provide insights into their religious beliefs. For example, the bronze vessels often depict animals and other symbols that were believed to have religious significance. The Shang also practiced ancestor worship, and the oracle bones show that they often consulted their ancestors for guidance.