* Touch test: The accused witch would be touched by the accuser, who would then claim to feel a sensation of pain or discomfort.
* Swimming test: The accused witch would be tied up and thrown into a body of water. If they sank, they were considered innocent; if they floated, they were considered guilty.
* Examination of the body: The accused witch would be examined for any physical signs of witchcraft, such as a "Devil's mark" or unusual birthmarks.
* Confession: Some accused witches confessed to witchcraft under pressure from the authorities. These confessions were often obtained through torture or the threat of torture.