Non Kae

Terrain

General Condition

Non Kae Archaeological Site and Archaeological Site Located on a mound known as "Non Pu Ta" among the plains, which is the low terrace area of ​​the old river, away from the moat house. This is an ancient community surrounded by ditches and the present community. To the east about 1 kilometer away from Huai Yot or Huai Phap. (It is a tributary of the large dome and the Mun River and is a river that nourishes the moat of the moat) to the south for about 1.1 kilometers, about 11 kilometers west of the Great Dome, and about 13 kilometers south of the Mun River.

The general condition of Non Kae archaeological site is an archaeological site that has been excavated and restored. It consists of 4 ancient ruins surrounded by laterite walls. There are trees and weeds surrounding it.

On the south side is the eucalyptus garden. The north, south and east sides Adjacent to the farming area of ​​the villagers are paddy fields and vegetable growing areas such as bananas, tamarind and papaya. On the southeastern side of the archaeological site is a tall mound with dense forests.

In addition to the ancient site, there is also a swamp. It is assumed to be of the same age as the ancient site, Nong Noi, a small rectangular swamp. located in the northwest There is also a swamp in the Khmer period. Another rectangular one is about 1 kilometer southwest of the archaeological site.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Huai Yot, Big Dome, Mun River

Geological conditions

Non Kae is located on a flat area that is the low terrace area of ​​the old river, caused by the deposition of sediment from the Quaternary storm water. especially the Mun River and various tributaries. The soil characteristics of Roi-et series (Roi-et series :Re) are fertile and suitable for plant cultivation.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

from the excavation of Non Kae Archaeological Site in 1997 (Puranarak 2541 Partnership; Thawatchai, Paisan Art Floor, 1998) found traces of the use of space by ancient people. which can be divided into 4 periods of culture, namely

Class 1 It was the first inhabitants of this area. Evidence found included fragments of earthenware, red-orange, dark brown, off-white, hand-formed. Decorate the outer surface with a striped rope pattern. mixed in the living soil layer

As for the characteristics of the important pieces of earthenware containers are

1. Bowl-shaped container, curved mouth, smooth cutting edge. Coarse texture mixed with rice husks black outer surface Some of the leaves are decorated with white cording pattern.

2. Bowl-shaped container The mouth is slightly leaned in. The edge of the mouth is rounded, making a convex ridge under the inner edge of the mouth. Light orange color. Apply orange soil water. Coarse texture mixed with rice husks and has a lean-out mouth The exterior is decorated with scratches. coarse grain mixed with sand Similar to Roi Et style pottery

3. A wide-mouthed pot-shaped container found in relatively large quantities It is assumed that it is a container that is used in everyday life, such as cooking food. This container features a leaning mouth, rounded edges, orange-red, brown, gray, clay-colored, painted with red soil. The outer area of ​​the body is decorated with a striped rope pattern. Most have a coarse texture mixed with sand gravel. and another type of container that is prepared to form clay by mixing rice husks The surface of the vessel has a soft orange color, off-white, which is a form of Roi Et pottery.

Evidence also found Second Burial (Seocndary burial) This was to fill the bones of the deceased into a terracotta jar and bury it in the ground. This is a burial tradition that is found in ancient communities in the Mun-Chi River Valley. The second burial vessel was found (Thawatchai, Phaisarnsilp 1998:40-46; Siripat Boonyai 2000 :185-21) as follows:

1. A large oval-shaped pottery, about 1 meter high, wide mouth, 40 centimeters in diameter, the bottom of the probe until the pointed end is rounded, the skin is soft orange, black coarse soil texture. Tribute to the middle of the body to the buttocks decorated the outer skin with a striped rope pattern. Inside this container are the following items:

- Incomplete human bone fragment, bone fragment mixed with soil. Found in limb bones, body parts and 2 skulls.

- 3 bronze bracelets, the appearance of bracelets can be divided into 2 parts.

- Earthenware is a key-shaped pot. The mouth is protruding, the neck is obliquely broken, the buttocks are ridged, the outer surface is orange. The outer surface is decorated with a striped rope pattern. Mouth diameter 12 cm. Height 11 cm. Shaped by hand. Inside, a small animal bone fragment was found. found above human bones (The containers are similar to those found at Ban Kan Lueang Archaeological Site. Ubon Ratchathani Province age limit 1,800-1,500 years ago)

- Earthenware, pot-shaped, key-shaped, with a protruding mouth, obliquely broken neck, ribbed bottom, orange outer surface with a rope pattern across the leaf. Mouth diameter 12 cm. Height 13 cm. Shaped by hand. found above human bones (The container looks similar to the pottery that was found at Ban Kan Lueang Archaeological Site)

- A pot-shaped vessel with a bottom, a mouth and a curved neck. reddish-orange skin The outer surface is a rope pattern applied to the entire leaf. Diameter 10 centimeters, height 18 centimeters, found that it was placed on top of a large container. (The container looks similar to the pottery that was found at Ban Kan Lueang Archaeological Site)

2. Containers with round bottoms, wide mouths, orange color, decorated with rope pattern, height 15 cm., mouth diameter 40 cm., amount of 2 pieces, and also found parts similar to container lids. (Similar to the pottery that was found at Ban Kan Lueang Archaeological Site)

3. Pot-shaped container with wide mouth, round bottom, height 50 cm., mouth diameter 30 cm., with a cover, 1 piece. Inside contains a small pot-shaped pottery container with open mouth, soft orange color, decorated with rope stripes. (Similar to the pottery that was found at Ban Kan Lueang Archaeological Site)

Traditions and evidence of burial including various antiquities similar to those found at Ban Kan Lueang Archaeological Site Mueang Ubon Ratchathani which is an archaeological site in the early agricultural period or the late metal period with contact with the beginning of history They were in the range of 2,800-2,500 years ago (Review by A. 2535 :11)

Considering the Roi Et pottery found in this cultural layer that dates from 2,000-1,300 years ago, it can be assumed initially that this ancient community was inhabited approximately 2,000-1,500 years ago. or in the late prehistoric period to the beginning of history

Class 2 It is a continuation of residence from the first culture layer, still found red-orange, soft-orange earthenware containers with red clay paint on the outer surface, slashed rope patterns continually from the first culture layer. rough Mix gravel, sand and rice husk in a Roi-Et pottery style. but found less quantity than the previous At the same time, new types of earthenware were found, such as the goblet vessel and the vessel with a groove at the mouth. which is a pottery in the Dvaravati period Buddhist century 12-14

Other vessels found in this cultural layer are tub-shaped containers, narrow-mouthed pot-shaped containers. wide mouth pot Pot shape with wide mouth, etc.

Culture layer 3 Today's clay pots have a more delicate texture. The coarse-grained containers mixed with gravel and rice husk were significantly reduced. A new type of container appeared, namely, a dome-shaped container with a wide mouth, a grooved edge, a soft orange color, a yellow-yellow basin-shaped container, a wide-mouthed pot-shaped container. Decorate the shoulder area by scraping parallel grooves around the container. which is a container in the Khmer culture Also found a container from the Ban Kruat furnace, Buriram province, dated around the 15th-19th Buddhist century. Chinese wares in Qing Bai style. Age around the 16th-19th Buddhist century

Non Kae archaeological site may have been built in the early days of this era. It is around the 15th Buddhist century that continued with the 2nd period of culture, or the Dvaravati period (Tawatchai, Paisansilp 1998:44), or the 15th-19th Buddhist Century (Tawatchai, Paisansilp 1998:39), or the 17th Buddhist Century. -18

The community nowadays probably also engages in metal smelting activities. because found slag caused by smelting or melting copper type of metal (Analysis by Suraphon Nathaphinthu) (Tawatchai Paisan Art Floor 1998:39) on the southeast side of the ancient site. About 20 meters away, this is very little evidence of this region.

This community probably continued to live until around the 18th-19th Buddhist century, so it was abandoned.

Level 4 There was a reconstruction of the ancient Non Kae site again. By Lao people who migrated to this area during the 24th Buddhist century, converted to a Buddhist temple. As it appears, the building in the form of a sim In addition, Qing dynasty wares were also found. Age around the 23-24th Buddhist century

The archaeological sites and ancient sites of Non Kae There is a relationship with the ancient city, the moat. It is more or less a kilometer to the west, which may be the same community or may be just a contemporary community.

Non Kae Ancient Site

Architectural features (Tawatchai Chanphaisansilp 1998)

After excavation, many buildings of different sizes and styles were found. The materials used include laterite, brick and sandstone.

Non-Kae Ancient Site plan, there are 4 buildings surrounded by laterite walls, rectangular plan, size about 40x50 meters, with stairs leading up in the middle of the east. (There may be an entrance or a doorway on both the east and west)

Building number 1 Rectangular building, size 9x12.5 meters, built with laterite. Paved on general ground level, 2 floors, with stairs leading up to the east. In the corners and at the edges of the laterite, square holes were drilled for the pillars to support the upper apparatus. Each hole is approximately 2 meters apart.

It is assumed that this building may have been a hall temple. The roof is shingle with clay tiles. It can be compared with Ta Moen Thom Castle, Prang Ku (Chaiyaphum Province), and Prang Ku Ban Khua. (Maha Sarakham Province) Prasat Hin Phimai (Nakhon Ratchasima), Don Tuan Castle (Sisaket Province), etc.

Building number 2 Rectangular building, size 4.5x10 meters, facing east. It was built of laterite, plastered on the outside, with a portico extending to the east. which should be used as an entrance and exit Inside appeared the Chukchi base. (Enshrining the principal Buddha image?) It is assumed that the roof is made of clay tiled wood.

This building was built with rough laterite. It may be the demolition of the old ancient site and reconstruction as this building. Construction techniques are not typical of Khmer culture. There are traces of laterite assembly that are not in their original location.

It is assumed that this building may be a dark place. This means that the walls are covered on all 4 sides, except for the door and window openings. It can be found mostly in the southeastern region.

Building number 3 rectangular building facing west Approach to the front of Building No. 2, size 6x9.8 meters, built with laterite plaster as well as Building No. 2 in front or on the west side, making a porch for the entrance and exit. There are traces of pillar holes supporting the clay tiled roof structure. It is assumed to be ten, the same as building number 2.

Surrounding buildings no. 2 and 3, there are 7 pairs of embroidered sandstone parapets (not found in the middle of the east side).

Building number 4 It is an ancient ruins that has completely collapsed. due to the destruction of the latter Unable to study the building model But it's probably contemporary with Building No. 1 because it's on the same soil level.

from the architectural style Evidence in the 7 pairs of stone parapets found. The positioning of the parapets facing buildings No. 2 and 3 and a pair of parapets that were stacked on the line of Building No. 1, it is assumed that in the time of the use of Building No. 2. and 3, it should stop taking advantage of building number 1, building number 2 and 3 are churches or sims.

Other archaeological evidence obtained from the excavation are:

- Terracotta tiles eaves tile Terracotta brali

- Clay pots, vases, basins, wide-mouthed pots, narrow-mouthed pots, jars, teapots, bowls, lids, corks and spouts are both plain and decorated with horizontal straight lines. scratch marks like lotus petals The scratch is a short, oblique line. The stamp is stamped in the shape of a diamond. The rope pattern is engraved with a thin line and sticks together into a diamond pattern, a dotted pattern, a parallel groove pattern. circular groove and wavy lines

- Earthenware containers containing bones round bottom pot Inside contains bones

- Pottery from the Ban Kruat furnace, Buriram province, aged around the 15th-19th Buddhist century, both glazed and unglazed.

-Ching Pai or Ying Ching Chinese wares were in the Sung Dynasty. Age around the 16th-19th Buddhist century

-Fire clay stick

- Terracotta allowance

- Glazed earthenware conch It is a strong pottery. Green coating, size 8 cm

-Fierce rock

-W

-Metal nails

-Iron Spear

- Bronze ring

-Copper parts

-Carnelian beads

- Crushed stone platform made of sandstone

- human skeleton Found in the area of ​​Building No. 4, a skeleton, 95 cm high, incomplete condition. ชิ้นส่วนนิ้วมือและนิ้วเท้าด้านขวาขาดหายไป โบราณวัตถุที่พบร่วมกับโครงกระดูก ได้แก่ ภาชนะดินเผาทรงถ้วยรูปแปดเหลี่ยม เขียนสีน้ำเงินใต้เคลือบ สีขาวขุ่น ปากผายออก เส้นผ่าศูนย์กลางปาก 13 เซนติเมตร เส้นผ่าศูนย์กลางก้น 6 เซมนติเมตร สูง 5.5 เซนติเมตร สภาพชำรุด และเหรียญเงิน ขนาดเส้นผ่าศูนย์กลาง 1.8 เซนติเมตร ตรงกลางมีรูขนาด 0.5 เซนติเมตร ด้านหน้าเขียนว่า “5 สตางค์ สยามรัฐ” ด้านหลังเขียน “พ.ศ.2469” สภาพสมบูรณ์

โดยสรุปแล้ว โบราณสถานโนนแกมีการก่อสร้างซ้อนทับกัน 2 สมัย ได้แก่

สมัยที่ 1 ได้แก่ อาคารหมายเลข 1 และ 4 สร้างเนื่องในวัฒนธรรมเขมร เป็นศาสนสถานในศาสนาฮินดู ได้แก่ อาคารหลังทิศเหนือและหลังทางทิศใต้ มีอายุประมาณพุทธศตวรรษที่ 17-18

สมัยที่ 2 ได้แก่ อาคารที่สร้างทับบนซากอาคารหลังทิศใต้จำนวน 2 หลัง คืออาคารหมายเลข 2 และ 3 โดยมีใบเสมาหินทรายปักล้อมรอบ เป็นอาคารหรือสิมที่สร้างเนื่องในศาสนาพุทธ มีอายุราวพุทธศตวรรษที่ 24-25