Auschwitz was the largest of the Nazi concentration camps, located about 60 km from Krakow in Poland. It was built in 1940 on the order of Heinrich Himmler, in order to be used as an extermination camp; from 1942 the final solution will be implemented there. (systematic extermination of the Jews). I
Between February 13 and 15, 1945, the City of Dresden then nicknamed the Florence of the Elbe is bombarded by the British and American air forces. In four raids gathering nearly 1300 heavy bombers, 3900 tons of explosives and incendiary bombs were dropped on the city. The effects will have been deva
On July 3, 1940, the British navy attacked and destroyed a large part of the French fleet taking refuge in the harbor of Mers el-Kebir . In less than twenty minutes, the French ships trapped in the harbour, including three battleships, six destroyers and an aircraft carrier, were pounded and mostly
The Potsdam Conference (July 17 to August 2, 1945) brought together the American, Soviet and British heads of state and government to try to settle the future of Germany after the Second World War. Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill, veterans of previous Allied conferences, are once again there, wh
The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9 precipitate Japans surrender, September 2, 1945 . The formal surrender is signed aboard the US battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay, and marks the end of World War II. Begun on December 7, 1941 at Pearl Harbor, the Pacific War saw hundreds of th
The Maginot Line was a system of fortifications built from 1928 to 1938, located on the northeastern border of France. It bears the name of the Minister of War at the time, André Maginot, who had this defense project adopted by Parliament in 1930. After the trauma of the First World War, the aim was
During the First World War and for the first time in history, 49 tanks or “tanks were engaged in the Battle of the Somme , thee September 15, 1916. These “armored tracked vehicles” were soon to become tanks capable of crossing waterways and forest massifs. If the concept of thetank goes far back in
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a separate World War I peace signed on 3 March 1918 between the government of Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey) at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus). In the midst of the civil war provoked by the Russian Revolution, Lenin had to acce
The Treaty of Versailles , signed on June 28, 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles between the Allies and Germany, ended the First World War. Because it settles a global, unprecedented and deadly conflict between several dozen countries on several continents, it is an essential mo
Wilsons Fourteen Points are proposals made by the President of the United States Thomas Woodrow Wilson in view of the Allied victory in the First World War. The purpose of these proposals was to define the war aims of the Allies and to lay the foundations for a just and lasting peace. Formulated by
Named in honor of Adelaide and Victoire, daughters of Louis XV, the Chemin des Ladies “, also called “battle of the Aisne” or “Nivelle offensive”, was above all a huge battle of the First World War. It was on this limestone plateau that General Nivelle , commander-in-chief of the French armies, chos
The Armistice of November 11, 1918 ended the First World War. Signed in Rethondes in a wagon belonging to General Foch, it signals the end of the fighting between the Allies and Germany, which has been going on for four years. Despite the memory of the dead, the ceasefire is welcomed in France by an
The Battle of the Dardanelles was a major Franco-British combined operation carried out during the First World War, between February 1915 and February 1916. Its objective was to force Turkey to peace and to establish a link with Russia, via the sea Noire, by seizing the strait of the Dardanelles. Th
Obscured by the names of great battles from 14-18 such as Verdun, Champagne or Artois, Vieil-Armand or Hartmannswillerkopf remains largely unknown, although the intensity of the fighting that took place there made it one of the deadliest battlefields of the war, given the smallness of the terrain. A
During the Sarajevo attack June 28, 1914 , Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife Sophie are assassinated by the Bosnian student Gavrilo Princip. This double murder comes in a context of strong tensions between the major European powers against a ba
The Kingdom of Israel . According to the Old Testament, it was founded by King Saul (1020-1000 BC). During the reigns of David and then Solomon, it reached its peak before experiencing periods of division and foreign occupation. Far from competing with Mesopotamian or Egyptian power, the ancient kin
According to historiographical tradition, the Edict of Milan is a letter from Emperors Licinius and Constantine I published in 313, which grants freedom of worship to Christians and put an end to several centuries of persecution. Cardinal Angelo Scola, Archbishop of Milan declared on December 6, 201
Sparta (in Greek Spárti) was a city of ancient Greece, capital of Laconia and the most famous city of the Peloponnese. It marked the spirits from Antiquity by its austere character, its violent model of education imposed on young Spartans, but also with the fate reserved for the majority of the Lac
Troy (or Ilion) is an ancient city of Asia Minor, located on the current site of Hisarlik on the Aegean coast, in the northwest of Turkey. The foundations of the site of Troy were located by Heinrich Schliemann in the 1870s. Since that date, the excavations undertaken have made it possible to determ
The Peloponnesian War is one of the most famous conflicts of antiquity. From 431 to 404 BC. J.-C., it opposed Athens and the league of Delos on the one hand, Sparta, the league of Peloponnese and its allies on the other hand. Beyond a struggle for hegemony, this conflict expressed a fundamental oppo
Jacques Émile Massu, born May 5, 1908 in Châlons-sur- Marne and died on October 26, 2002 in Conflans-sur-Loing, is a soldier, general officer. Companion of the Liberation and former commander-in-chief of the French forces in Germany, he distinguished himself in particular in the Leclerc column and t
The causes and consequences of the First World War (1914-1918) are usually collected in Enem and in entrance exams across the country. Therefore, we have prepared a review of exercises with annotated answers for you to prepare and achieve a place in the university. Good study! Question 1 (Enem-2
The Franco-Prussian War took place between the French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia in 1870-71. France was defeated and the empire fell, replaced by the French Third Republic. In addition, the French had to pay reparations to Prussia and cede part of their territory. The Kingdom of Prussia was
The Germans Max von Laue and James Franck they received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1914 and 1925 respectively. Von Laue was a recognized opponent of Nazism and Franck was Jewish; so, faced with the possibility that the gold medals of the Nobel prize could reach the hands of the Nazis, they were