The First Republic French was proclaimed on September 29, 1792 and a new calendar is created marking Year I of the Republic and Year IV of Liberty. The king is Louis XVI is taken to the guillotine on January 21, 1793, an attitude that inaugurates a series of wars against France by European nations fearful of the revolutionary example.
In this wave of "fear" the First Coalition was formed in 1793, made up of Austria, Prussia, Holland, Spain and England against France. The presence of England is justified by economic-financial disputes because France is starting the industrialization process under the leadership of the bourgeoisie.
Under the war, citizens watched price increases and feared a counterrevolutionary threat. It is the beginning of the threat to the ideals of the French Revolution. Thus, on June 12, 1793, led by Marat, Hébert and Roux, the sans-culottes surround the Convention and arrest the Girondin leaders, allowing the Jacobin Party to take over the French Revolution.
The Jacobins promulgated the new Constitution of 1793, which had the most democratic characteristics of all, granting the vote to those over 21, regardless of economic situation. The new Constitution, however, was not applied because in October 1793 individual liberties were suspended for the organization of a revolutionary tribunal set up to judge the enemies of the republic.
Motto
The motto of the French Republic is the triad liberty, equality and fraternity and integrates the heritage of the French people. It emerged even before the French Revolution and fell into disuse during the Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte.
In the revolution of 1848, the motto resurfaces, but shrouded in a fog of religion. And when the Constitution of 1848 was written, the motto was defined as a principle of the Republic.
The imposition of the leva sometimes emerges, sometimes returns. In the Second Empire it is not adopted, but it is present in the 3rd Republic. From July 14, 1880, the French government began to inscribe it on the facades of public buildings.
In the edition of the 1946 and 1958 constitutions, the motto "liberty, equality and fraternity" is incorporated into the national heritage of France.
Study more about the topic in the articles :
- The Fall of the Bastille in the French Revolution
- French Revolution
- 18th Brumaire Strike
- The Terror in the French RevolutionRobespierre
- National Constituent Assembly in the French Revolution
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- Napoleonic Era
- Napoleonic Wars