The deterioration of the British-French relations this time will be Hundred Years War later. It is a content that leads to.
As a major premise of English-French relations
- Viking Lolo with excellent military power The Normans led by the invasion of France invaded France and the Norman Principality was completed.
- Normans invade England from the Principality of Norman
- The Norman dynasty is complete
From this background, the "twisted structure" that "the vassal of the Kingdom of France is the king of the neighboring country" was completed.
Even so, they came in a compromise between neighboring countries, but it was Henry II that the two countries were decisively disappointed. It will be the age of.
This time Henry II I will summarize the problems that occurred in this era and their background.
What was the situation in England during Henry II?
The 3rd Crusade expedition, Norman dynasty-Plantagenet dynasty in the history of each country, so I will not write in detail, but the daughter of Aquitaine in France, Alienor Is Louis VII Married and divorced (later) Henry II By remarriage with
The western half of France became Henry's territory, and there was a sudden tension between the two countries.
Then Henry II Will reign as King of England, but if he works vigorously both inside and outside the country, he will give in to neighboring countries such as Scotland and Ireland suzerainty . I will be able to get it. At the same time, family relationships gradually deteriorated.
King of France Louis VII Henry II is likely to revolt as he notices this deterioration in family relationships I will support my son.
Let's look at family relationships
The eldest son died, and the second son was King of France Louis VII . Married and engaged to her daughter, and her fourth son was engaged and married to the daughter of Prince Brutagne (engaged in 1166 and married in 1181).
With the engagement of the fourth son and the daughter of the Duke of Brutagne, the area called Brutagne was to be incorporated into the Angevin Empire by forming a master-slave relationship with Normandy.
In addition, Richard Is Arienol He is the favorite son who inherited the temperament of. He was so good at fighting that he was later called "Shishishinou", and he was very active in the 3rd Crusade.
On the other hand, when it came to the king's family, there was a lot of involvement with the religious world at that time, and Izakoza with that church would have an impact on family relationships as well.
What is the relationship between Henry II and the Anglican Church? ??
At that time, England came to have its own power throughout the Norman era, but one element that supports that unique power was the existence of a "ecclesiastical court" in the English church where priests could be tried.
Even if the crime was a death crime in a secular court by the king, it was possible to lighten the crime in a church court trial by calling himself a priest.
Henry II Considers this as a problem
- If you are deprived of the throne in the ecclesiastical court, you can judge it again in the secular court.
- Forbid priests to appeal to the Pope without the permission of the King
The law is stipulated, but the strong opposition was Archbishop of Canterbury Church Thomas Becket . was.
Thomas Becket Henry II when he was in the position of Lord High Chancellor He was also a friend of mine and even worked as an educator for his son, Henry the Young King, who he expected to be his successor. .. ..
When he changed his position as Archbishop of Canterbury, he tried to place the church under a strong kingship Henry II . He got confused with.
* For Canterbury Church, see Norman Dynasty-Plantagenet Dynasty
Thomas Becket forced into exile in this conflict Is the King of France Louis VII I'm leaning under.
Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Becket at the top of the Anglican Church Henry II in the absence of England Young Henry to co-govern I will hold the coronation of.
Thomas Becket because Archbishop of York and bishops of the pro-royal sect acted for the rituals that the Canterbury Church should have done. When he was angry and returned to Japan temporarily, he excommunicated them.
Thomas Becket on this excommunication Henry II is angry against The knights on the royal side interpreted that "the king wants the death of the archbishop". He has assassinated.
Although it is not known if his father was directly involved, it was not surprising that Henry the Young King, whose teacher was killed, became distrustful of his father.
In addition, this Thomas Becket The Roman Church treats his death as a "martyr who lost his life because of his faith" and sends pilgrims to England at any time.
This was very annoying. Henry II The position became very bad, and eventually he gave in to the church. He has come to recognize the consular court of the church. The English version of the Investiture Controversy (First) That's right.
The separation of the sons
Henry II behind the church and awakening Izakoza He also had a mess in his home. One is inheritance and the other is women.
It's a problem that tends to occur in families with money, power, and honor (← prejudice). Let's take a closer look here.
Inheritance and Henry II's women's problems
Continental territories such as Normandy Aquitaine are King of France Louis VII because his territory is recognized by his obedience to Is Henry II It seems that he was also proposing a successor. Accepting the proposal Henry the Young King Has been designated as his successor.
As a result, the territory allocation was as follows.
- Eldest son:William ... Already gone
- Second son: Henry the Young King (14 years old) ... Normandy, Anjou, Maine, Touraine
- Third son: Richard (12 years old) ・ ・ ・ Aquitaine
- Fourth son:Jeffrey
(11 years old) ... Brutagne - Fifth son: John (2 years old) ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ There is no territory because I am young.
() is the age when he took over his territory in 1169
King of France Louis VII By the way, my second son Henry the Young King His daughter, Magritte , with his second wife I was married to my third son, Richard He was also engaged to Magritte's sister Adele, so except Jeffrey and John. .. .. I may have thought that.
Now. Another problem that occurred at the same time was the women's problem. Until now Henry II It seems that he had an affair, but Alienor Was staying at the last minute.
However, at that time, Arienol Is pregnant. .. .. Moreover, he tries to start living together in the palace (although there are various theories about the timing, it is generally before and after the assassination of Thomas Becket . It is said that it was).
Her wife, whose patience bag has run out of patience, decides to separate.
Arienol Was educated as a lord by her (unusually at the time) her father and took over her territory, and it is still less time for a financially-powered woman to decide to separate. ..
She was a woman full of vitality so that she would have an affair → divorce → immediate remarriage in the values of that time, so she will start various plans behind the scenes to become independent from her husband.
Meanwhile, Henry II Began to love John. When John talked about marriage, he was appointed as his successor, Henry the Young King . Against
Requests to give some territories.
Henry the Young King As
Condominium is a big opposition to the territorial demands in dissatisfaction, such as the unnamed situation, the assassination of his teacher, and the love for John. King of France Louis VII who is also his father-in-law I ran down.
Thus Louis VII Also started to move, Henry II The siege net will surely be completed.
Rebellion of sons (1173-1174)
Henry II Reconciled with the church (1172), and the following year, ostensibly, the climax was reached. .. ..
Behind the scenes, the situation of overthrowing father and husband by the family was set up. Henry the Young King Is my mother Alienor And Richard ・ Jeffrey Brother, and Louis VII Rebellion with the support of. At this time, Louis VII In addition to the gathering of French princes in response to the call, the King of Scotland also participated in this.
Initially Henry II due to a fairly large rebellion It was a disadvantageous situation. .. .. Henry II , who is capable, just by forcibly moving everything by himself Somehow suppressed it.
Reconciled with his sons and handed over some autonomy, ignoring that the cause of the rebellion was entirely self-made. That said, he didn't seem to be able to pass on his real power.
On the other hand, Alienor , who was regarded as the mastermind. Will be imprisoned for about 15 years.
Arienol Henry II while he is imprisoned Is Arienol Divorced with Richard (although I couldn't actually do it) Fiancée Louis VII Daughter Adele There were rumors that she was actually trying to remarry (the younger sister of Henry's wife).
* Adele was raised in the Plantagenet family as Richard's fiancée.
Arienol Richard was the most beloved of Be wary of Louis VII It is said that there was also an intention to point the nail so as not to form an alliance with. .. ..
That's why Richard Will always be left with a foundation that repels his father.
The death of Louis VII and the coronation of Philip II
On the other hand in France. .. ..
So far Henry II Louis VII Died at the age of 60, and a wave of generational changes rushed in.
Louis VII Next to Philip II is.
From the list of French monarchs (wikipedia)
Louis VII Born in 1165, a child of his third wife, Adele. Plantagenet House Growing up like brothers with their sons, especially Joflois It seems that he was particularly close to. He also inherits his father's policy of taking advantage of the bad friendship of the Plantagenet family.
What happened to Henry II's successor after all? ??
After seeing the death of his longtime rival, he gave a little remorse after the rebellion and gave his sons some of his autonomy, but did not give him real power. Henry II Came to think that "it is necessary to put in a sword for full-scale succession measures".
1182, Henry the Young King Richard in order to be recognized as a successor to the surroundings in earnest And Joflois I tried to make him obey his brother, but Richard Refuses. Henry the Young King And Joflois Is Richard It became a situation to attack.
However, the following year. Suddenly Henry the Young King Died of fever. Richard Has just moved on to his successor.
Don't be discouraged, Henry II Begins to tell John to give up his territory.
And this was the opportunity to start repelling his father again.
Joflois's death and the decisive conflict with Richard
Tired of the repeated conflicts of his brother and father, Joflois Was getting away from his fathers. Good friends Philip II I was starting to move to my place.
However, in 1186, Philip II Joflois died in an accident during a jousting underneath. Taking this opportunity, Philip II After this Richard I will get to know you.
Meanwhile, Philip II Is " Richard And (Richard's fiancé and Philip's half-sister) Adel Marriage with ”is cut out. If you don't get married, Adel It is a very natural request to "return the territory" under the control of the Plantagenet family as a substitute for the dowry.
In addition, my half-sister Magritte Henry the Young King Even after he died, there was a place under the control of the Plantagenet family, so I made a plausible request to "return Magritte's territory together."
Still, he said, "If Adele marries Richard, we will recognize the French territory as Richard (Plantagenet) territory."
However, Henry II Refuses this.
Richard, on the other hand,
"I thought it wasn't possible until now, but it turned out to be true."
He said something like that.
Maybe his own father has dabbled in his fiancée. .. .. It's a rumor. In fact, this rumor is generally said to have been true.
If his father had bad feelings and his fiancée could be taken away and even deprived of his territory and political power, then anyone would want to get rid of it.
So, after that, Richard Is Henry II And you will be completely in conflict. Philip II If so, it can be said that the result is more than expected.
Richard vs Henry II
Henry II will face his son again However, unlike before, I am getting older and declining, and my opponent is Richard . ..
Richard at the time Was ridiculously strong in his early thirties (unlike the inexperienced mid-teens rebellion), who had both experience and strength. He was one of the top war hawks in world history.
* In the game of Koei's Blue Wolf and White Female Deer IV, the status is the top combat power of the participating warlords 98. By the way, his political power was set to 35. In addition, Philip II is the top with intelligence 98 (and total power). It's a game, but as an indicator.
What's more, his son was Philip II , who was even called the "King of Dignity" as the great king of France. Is attached as an alliance partner. With these two opponents, the battle situation will worsen no matter how you turn it over.
My beloved son John Henry II with John for his territory Was fighting, but gradually fell into a predicament and betrayed his father when his brother's victory came into view.
Henry II learned that he was betrayed by his beloved son When he was depressed and lost his energy, he was demise. In the end, Richard took over the King of England in the wake of this rebellion, as I said in the last Plantagenet dynasty.
This was followed by Richard → John ... and the throne of England, in which he lost or gained continental territory, but Henry II . The Angevin Empire that ruled It was the Hundred Years War that entered into a full-scale conflict based on the territory of the times and the blood relations that will be built later. is.
Hundred Years War Is about 150 years after this story, but I think that the degree of understanding will change if Henry II's reign is put in the corner of his head because it was "founded".