Christianity Has been worshiped even after being indoctrination in the Roman Empire in the 4th century, and it is said that the number of believers now exceeds 2.3 billion, which is the largest number among all religions. World religion It is one of.
This time, such Christianity I will confirm how was born and developed.
A brief review of Judaism that was worshiped in Palestine at that time
Jesus Palestine Was Roman rule at the time It was in. This Palestine It was Judaism that was worshiped at that time. is.
This place has been Hebrew in the past People called Moses couldn't stand the oppression during the New Kingdom of Egypt. Escape Egypt while being led by [ Exodus It is also the place where those who did] joined their compatriots after suffering.
There was a time when I was influenced by the polytheism of the people around me, but Exodus At that time, when they suffer from ethnic predicament, they begin to worship a monotheistic religion that is different from the surrounding peoples.
Chosen Thought that only Jews who recognize Yahweh as God and have a contractual relationship with God are rescued Savior to realize relief from predicament [ Messiah ] Is a belief that we are waiting for the arrival.
In addition to Exodus, their country was destroyed in the 6th century BC and the Neo-Babylonian Kingdom It even happens that you are taken as a prisoner by the King of War [ Babylonian Captivity ].
Eventually, those who had been captivated by the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Kingdom will be released, and when they return to their hometowns, their faith will be visibly transformed. Rebuilding the temple of Yahweh and establishing rules for rituals and rituals, finally Judaism Has begun.
Hebrews The name is similar to the ethnic name used by other ethnic groups, Babylonian captivity . Jews from around the time when I was released from It has come to be called.
Establishment of Christianity
Christianity Jesus that triggered the belief (7 or 4 BC to 30 years later) is Judaism As mentioned above, I am from Palestine, the birthplace of Judaism, but its Judaism Was not a monolith at the time.
- Pharisees :Strictly adhere to the law, which is the commandment of God. I tried to monopolize and protect Jewish knowledge.
- Enthusiastic anti-Roman nationalist
- Those who lead an ascetic monastic life
It seems that they were divided into these people.
What is the pioneer of Jesus? ??
Among them, among the ascetic types, " Baptist Some people will be called.
That is John Is the person.
* John the Baptist and John the Baptist, the high-ranking brother of Jesus, are different people.
From John the Baptist (wikipedia)
He
"Higher Jews like priests have recently fallen"
"Will be wrathed and judged by God"
.
On the criticized side late Roman Republic-early Roman Empire Kingdom of Judah Herod the Great He was captured and killed because of a clan (reigned:41-4 years BC).
* The Herodian dynasty was established with the support of Rome. After full obedience, his son reigns as a lord.
At this time John The daughter who asked for her neck is Herod the Great Granddaughter. .. .. Salome A person named (Daughter of Herodia).
Christianity summarized later New Testament It is also known that there are multiple descriptions in 』, but since it has been taken up as many works of art (paintings, plays, operas, etc.) from ancient times, you may have heard the name in a different direction.
Jesus spent his childhood in Nazareth (a city in northern Israel) while such people were popping up. Appeared.
Jesus Christ
Probably John Jesus that seems to have been influenced by Started activities around 29 years later.
The Pharisees had the most power within Judaism at the time. They were people called. This Pharisee Jesus was beginning to question.
As mentioned above
Jewish Faith- Yahweh Faith
- Exclusive Chosen Thought that only Jews who have a contract with God are saved
- Achieve relief from predicament Savior [ Messiah ] Long-awaited arrival
Since Judaism had this kind of faith, it seems that it was completely unacceptable to Jesus.
Because (I think it makes sense to hear the teachings of Christianity) Jesus
The Fundamental Principles of Christian Ethics- God's absolute love (Indiscriminate)
- love for neighbors (Negating ethnic division)
.
Thus Jesus savior himself ( Christ in Greek ). Eventually, even those who agreed with Jesus' ideas and disciples came out, and they became regarded as dangerous.
Judaism Pharisees trying to strictly adhere to the law of Yahweh is the only god to "save those who have a contractual relationship" And indiscriminate love And love for neighbors Jesus Was only a dangerous person.
As a result, about 30 years later. .. ..
From the Crucifixion of Christ (wikipedia)
Jesus is executed on the crucifixion of the cross.
At this time, Pharisees Some of the anti-Roman nationalists who made a clear distinction were those who regarded Jesus as a political leader, and were arrested as plotting rebellion against Rome.
However, yes after the execution The belief that he was resurrected three days later begins to be born.
Those who believe in the resurrection of Jesus will come to believe in God with repentance and gratitude, and will be a community to wait for the Second Coming of Jesus and the coming of the kingdom of God Church . Palestine Jerusalem in And Galilee I made it up.
They are Judaism Old Testament I came to think that the Messiah was Jesus.
Thus Jesus Christ Primitive Christianity Is born.
Development of Christianity
Christianity The development of is not possible without the existence of twelve high-ranking younger brothers.
Apostle , a direct disciple of Jesus who thought this way The teachings of Christianity became widespread.
People who are considered to be Jesus' high-ranking brothers- Peter (To Petro.? ~ 64 years later): Evangelizing to Rome
- Zebedee's child James :A particularly high-ranking disciple with Peter and his younger brother John
- Apostle John :A person who is considered a saint regardless of denomination ... etc.
Judas , who is one of the twelve apostles but is known as a traitor for selling Jesus for 30 silver coins before being crucified. No, (though not among the twelve) Paul The person who made an effort to evangelize to various parts of the east (? ~ 60 years later) is also famous.
Peter , who was a leader among the Twelve Apostles. Is the first Pope It has become.
The missionaries, including them, summarized the activities of Jesus and his disciples along with their missionary activities in the New Testament . 』Also made up to the present form by the 4th century, Judaism Primitive Christianity that was shaped like a sect Has evolved Christianity Was established.
Relationship with the Roman Empire
Christianity Introduced to a great distance, and in the latter half of the 1st century, churches were built in Greek cities, and finally in the capital Rome.
Believers made donations for the apostles to evangelize, and the churches helped each other and gave to the poor, which led to widespread worship by the vulnerable.
But Christianity Is Judaism It was often persecuted by Jews, as it was established in a way that it was separated from the other.
On the contrary, Jews are from the Roman Empire.
"Reject polytheism and do not worship the statues of gods and emperors."
"Do not try to blend in with urban politics and social life."
wasn't seen very well.
First persecution from the country by Emperor Nero
Christianity Initially, " Judaism It seems that the ordinary people of Greece and Rome could not tell the difference between Judaism and Christianity because they worshiped and lived according to the traditions and "worshiped only God".
Christians weren't seen very well either.
Against this background, the Roman Empire Nero A big fire broke out in Rome when he was on the throne (64 years later). This big fire is Nero Emperor By Christian blame And will be executed as a criminal.
This is the Roman Empire It will be the first persecution as.
It was just that the responsibility was passed on. .. .. After this, rumors without roots and leaves began to be made, and from around the 2nd century, persecution by the people of the city began in earnest.
After this, the persecution of the country had not been carried out for a while. .. ..
The turning point of the Roman Empire
In the 3rd century, Rome began to develop too much to cover the high maintenance costs of advanced infrastructure, and began to lose its centripetal force, such as trying to cover it with heavy taxes.
Around the time when the powerful people of each province who saw the Roman Empire lost its centripetal force began to establish their own emperors ( Barracks emperor era ) Rushed into), the migration of ethnic groups due to cooling overlapped, and Germanic from the north , Sasanian from the east Was in an abnormal situation invading.
With this social turmoil, Christianity Will begin to spread not only among the poor but also among the upper citizens.
Diocletian who managed to contain various pinches However, he made the country's centripetal force weaker, strengthened power and emperor's deification . I tried to survive. Christianity has begun to be widely accepted As long as is the only belief in God, it is incompatible.
As a result, Christianity in 303-313 Is heavily persecuted, but martyrs continue to appear because it has penetrated the empire so much.
On the other hand, the persecuted believers are not only persecuted, but also catacombs . It is said that it was not effective in spite of the great persecution because he escaped to the catacombs and deepened his faith in the invisible place.
This Diocletian Constantine the Great was at the center of the Roman Empire after his death. was. He is Roman Empire on the contrary We proceeded with the policy of officially acknowledging the Christians who had deeply penetrated into the country and making it the power of the country.
* I am also a Christian
Finally Edict of Milan in 313 And finally the Theodosis State religion in 392 To reach.
Three Councils
Christianity gradually began to permeate the Roman Empire in the above-mentioned manner, but as the scale became larger, the difference in thinking became apparent internally over the doctrine.
Controversy has often arisen within the Council (religious council) over this difference in interpretation.
Heretical doctrines and terms that should be remembered- Athanasius vs. Arian → Arianism Is heresy
- Nestorian
- Monophysitism
I will summarize what kind of discussions were held in each table.
| Year | Contents | Remarks | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicaea Council | 325 years | Athanasius vs. Arian | [Athanasius] Trinity theory … The theory that God the Father, Jesus the Son, and the Spirit are essentially one =Jesus came to the earth in the form of a person → It is possible to develop the idea that "the emperor came to the earth in the form of a person".
[ Arianism ] | Arian Is heretical, Athanasius Is justified → Unable to work in Rome, Germanic in the north Spread to |
| Council of Ephesus | 431 years | ◆ Is Jesus a god or a person? ◆ What is the treatment of Mary, the mother of Jesus? | Thinking that "the spirit of God entered the human Jesus and left when the spirit was crucified" Nestorian Alexandria to (centered on Bishop Constantinople) Bishop strongly opposes Because of the idea that the spirit of God entered a person (Jesus), "Mary is the'Mother of Christ'and she is not the Virgin." | Nestorian Was heretical → Touhou Sasanian And Tang What. Keikyo in Tang Was called. |
| Council of Chalcedon | 451 years | Monophysitism vs. Dyophysite | [ Monophysitism ] Trying to recognize only the divinity of Jesus
[ Dyophysite ] | Dyophysite Is justified, monophysitism Was heretical |
By holding these meetings many times and repeating the debate over the doctrine, the heretics are repeatedly exiled, and the heretics are separated and propagated in places other than Rome.
After repeated debates over the doctrine, it will become unacceptable to each other and the church will divide while involving the country. As for the division of the church, I wrote a glance at the Holy Roman Empire and the Lombard League, so please have a look.